Learning Theory Flashcards
Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
Who created Classical Conditioning?
Pavlov
Watson
Behavior is based on responding to stimuli
Who did the Baby Albert experiment?
Watson
Who developed the theory that all Classical Conditioning explains all behavioral psychology?
Watson
Who coined the Law of Effect?
Thorndike
What is the Law of Effect?
Consequences drive the strengthening or weakening of a behavior.
Who created Operant Conditioning?
Skinner
What is Operant Conditioning?
Stimulus > Action > Consequence
Using rewards or punishments to modify a behavior.
Skinner
What is the Premak Principle?
High probability behavior reinforces low probability behavior.
“Grandma’s Rule” Finish Veggies to get Ice Cream
What is Classical Counter Conditioning?
Changing a response to a stimulus.
When is Classical Counter Conditioning used?
To change a fear response by pairing the frightening stimuli with food.
What does CER stand for?
Conditioned Emotional Response
What is desensitization?
Gradual exposure to stimuli while dog remains under threshold.
Learning associations between behaviors and consequences is…
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning is founded on…
Thorndike’s Law of Effect
ABCs are an example of
Operant Conditioning
Behavior is strengthened
Reinforcement
Behavior is weakened
Punishment
+R
Positive Reinforcement
ADD to INCREASE
Good stuff happens, increasing behavior
PLEASURE
-P
Negative Punishment
REMOVE to DECREASE
Good stuff stops, decreased behavior
LOSS
+P
Positive Punishment
ADD to DECREASE
Bad stuff happens, decreases behavior
PAIN/DISCOMFORT
-R
Negative Reinforcement
REMOVE to INCREASE
Bad stuff stops, increases behavior
RELIEF
Positive
Add Stimulus
Negative
Remove Stimulus
Reinforcement
Increases Behavior
Punishment
Decreases Behavior
Punishment
Decreases Behavior
Primary Reinforcers
Food, Water, Sleep, Pleasure, Elimination, Sex
Secondary Reinforcer
Something paired with a primary reinforcer to gain value
Example:
Clicker = Food
New behavior should be rewarded with
High Value Rewards
Maintaining a behavior should be rewarded with
Lower value rewards or less frequency
CRF
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
Reward after every single correct action is performed.
Good for teaching a new behavior.
Fixed Interval Reinforcement (FI)
Rewarding after a set and unchanging amount of TIME
Example: A treat after every 3 seconds of a sit-stay
Variable Interval Reinforcement (VI)
Changing, intermittent or unpredictable reinforcement for amount of TIME an action is performed.
Ping ponging. 3 seconds, 5 seconds, 4 seconds.
Fixed Ratio Reinforcement (FR)
Rewards given after a set NUMBER of repetitions of an action.
Example: Touch, touch, touch = treat. Treat given always after 3 touches.
Variable Ratio Reinforcement (VR)
Rewards given after an unpredictable or varying NUMBER of repetitions of an action.
Example: Treats after 2 touches, 4 touches, 3 touches
What Reinforcement Schedule is most resistant to extinction?
Variable Ratio Reinforcement
Example: Like a slot machine - people continue to pull the lever hoping for a jackpot even though most pulls give no reward.
What is the LEAST productive reinforcement schedule?
Fixed Interval is the least productive as it is most susceptible to extinction.
Kneeing the dog in the chest when he jumps is an example of
Positive Punishment
Spraying a dog with water when they bark is an example of
Positive Punishment
Coming to a stop when your dog is pulling on a leash is an example of
P-
Negative Punishment
Turning away from a jumping dog is an example of
Negative Punishment
What can cause an increase in fear, aggression and anxiety?
Using Positive Punishment
What is extinction?
The disappearance of a previously learned behavior after reinforcement stops.
In Operant Conditioning what does prompting refer to?
Visual signals or physical assistance to elicit a behavior rather than waiting for the dog to perform the behavior on his own.
Luring, physical manipulation, exaggerated hand signals that are not meant to be a cue in it’s final form, body blocking.
Fading the lure means
Removing a prompt or food lure as quickly as possible when training a behavior so the dog does not become dependent on the lure to perform the behavior.
Remove the food and only use the hand signal, then reduce or remove the hand signal and only use the verbal cue.
What is body blocking?
Using your body to block the dog’s movement.
What is Shaping?
Shaping is a method that is used to train more complex behaviors by breaking the behavior into small steps or approximations of the desired result then rewarding each step.
As you get closer to the desired behavior, you only reward successive approximations.
What is chaining?
Chaining is teaching multiple behaviors and then perform them in a particular order to result in the end goal behavior. Only the last cue in the chain is rewarded.
The first behavior becomes the cue for the next behavior.
Example: Fetch: Runs after the ball > picks up ball > carries ball back to you > drops the ball
What is Forward Chaining?
Typically just called chaining. The first behavior in the sequence is taught first, then the next, progressing to the full sequence.
What is Back Chaining?
Back Chaining is where you teach a complex behavior starting with the end step and then teaching each step that comes prior to the final step.
The theory is that the final behavior is practiced more frequently so it gets more heavily reinforced which can help build momentum for the preceding steps as they are introduced.
Example: Fetch - Drop Ball > bring ball > grab ball > run after ball
Do dogs generally respond to forwards chaining or backward chaining better?
Backwards Chaining
What is Stimulus Control
Dog performs behavior with discrimination and generalization.
Discrimination - dog sits when ask to sit, doesn’t lay down when asked to sit. Doesn’t sit if not asked. Knows the word.
Generalization - dog sits in living room, kitchen, outside, everywhere
What is the difference between Classical and Operant Conditioning?
CC = Reflexive
OC = Learned
Classical Conditioning elicits an involuntary, emotional or reflexive response. Association.
Operant Conditioning elicits a voluntary response reinforced with consequences. The dog has control over it’s actions. Learning.
Classical Counter Conditioning is often paired with
Desensitization
Operant Counter Conditioning is different from Classical Counter Conditioning because…
In Operant Conditioning, you are teaching the dog to offer a voluntary behavior (DRA/DRI)
Whereas Classical Conditioning involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus
Non-Associative Learning through gradual exposure is…
Desensitization
DS/CC
Desensitization & Counter Conditioning
Sensitization is
Amplified response to a stimulus
Habituation is
When an animal gets used to or ignores a stimulus.
It differs from desensitization as no rewards or punishers are offered. The dog simply gets used to the stimulus (usually an environmental stimulus) - example: pinecones falling on the roof or a new baby in the home crying.
The limbic system
Controls fight, flight, freeze
Flooding is
Exposing a dog to a scary stimulus for as long a period needed for the dog to “calm down” (usually shut down from learned helplessness).
Training a dog not to jump on you by doing nothing is an example of
Extinction
The problem with extinction is
That it does not teach the dog what to do instead and is time consuming due to extinction bursts
Are extinction and -P the same?
No. In negative Punishment, you are removing something. In extinction you do absolutely nothing so there is nothing to remove. Negative Punishment would be turning around when a dog jumps on you. Extinction would be to do absolutely nothing at all.
Learned Irrelevance is
Dog stops responding to a previously learned stimulus or cue due to the cue not being consistently or sufficiently paired with a reward.
A poisoned cue is
A cue that has been reinforced with a negative consequence.
Example - “ Go to Crate” then consistently leaving for 8 hours may poison the cue. A new cue can be introduced but with a focus on varying the reinforcement schedule.
Learned Helplessness is
The mental state that occurs when an animal is repeatedly forced to bear aversive stimuli in a way that he cannot escape.
Deprivation is
Withholding something the dog loves to modify behavior.
“nothing in life is free”
Example: Crating the dog until the dog is potty trained. Wait to get food.
DRA is
Differential Reinforcement of an Alternate Behavior.
What would you like to do instead?
DRI is
Differential Reinforcement of an Incompatible Behavior
DRO
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior
Do ANYTHING else
DRE
Differential Reinforcement of Excellent Behavior
Start to nitpick, only reward when the dog has met all the criteria for a given cue
The Antecedent is
The stimulus that causes the dogs response.
Example: a cue, the mailman, grabbing a leash
Discrimination is
Learning the difference between one or more stimuli in an environment.
Generalization is
The dog learning to give the same response regardless of the situation/antecedents
Blocking is
When a cue the dog already knows gets in the way of his ability to learn a new cue for the same behavior.
Presenting a new cue at the same time as the old cue may BLOCK the new cue.
Example: hand signal for Sit while saying Sit when your dog already knows the hand signal.
Overshadowing is
A non verbal cue often paired with a verbal cue where the non verbal cue is more relevant to the dog and overshadowing your verbal cue.
Salience is
When there are multiple cues for the same thing, one will be dominant for the dog.
Example hand signal and verbal cue, the hand signal is usually more salient.
When adding or changing a cue you should…
Say the new cue first, then the known cue
An Environmental Cue is
Something that naturally occurs in the dogs body or environment.
Example: feeling the need to pee or seeing the sun rise
Prompting is
Attention noises or actions such as kissy noises, patting your leg, running away with the dog, touching the dog
Luring is
The dog following the movement of food
Shaping is
Breaking a behavior into multiple successive approximations
Modeling is
Physically manipulating the dog into a position
Example: pushing a dog’s butt to get them to sit
Capturing is
Waiting for the dog to spontaneously offer a behavior then mark & reward
Environmental Management is
Manipulating the Antecedent to redesign the situation to promote success and limit rehearsal
Trigger Stacking is
When a dog is exposed to multiple triggers over a short period of time which can result in an exaggerated stress response.
Just can’t take it anymore.
Training Plans for a single session should include
Measurable goals
Move on when dog performs 8 out of 10 times
End a session with a success
Head halters rely on +P because
Pressure is applied to the dog’s muzzle. Then -R happens when the dog stops pulling and pressure is released.
Marking a desired behavior should happen
Instantly
Rewarding after marking should happen
“Promptly” (within 3 seconds)
Continuous Reinforcement is used when
The dog is working on acquisition of a new learned behavior
When the dog has learned the behavior you should use which reward schedule?
Variable
This drives motivation.
We are more likely to repeat a behavior if we have a good experience. This is the basis of:
Thorndike’s Law of Effect
An Unconditioned Response is
A reflexive response
When training a dog with Classical Conditioning, which should happen?
A) The Neutral Stimulus must be presented before the Unconditioned Stimulus
B) The Unconditioned Response must occur before the Unconditioned Stimulus
C) The Neutral Response must occur before the Unconditioned Response
D) The Unconditioned Stimulus must be presented before the Neutral Stimulus
A
The Neutral Stimulus must be presented before the Unconditioned Stimulus
Neutral Stimulus: something that doesn’t initially elicit a response
Unconditioned Stimulus: something that causes a reflexive response (food)
NS + US = UCR
Bell + Food = Drool
Which of the following behaviors is not a modal/fixed action pattern:
A) digging in the dirt
B) chasing a squirrel
C) sniffing a specific patch of grass
D) sitting up and begging at the dinner table
D. Sitting up and begging.
A modal/fixed action pattern is an instinctive sequence of behavior usually carried out to completion without significant variation
To teach a dog the hand signal for stay once they’ve learned the verbal cue:
A) say stay and then use the hand signal
B) repeatedly use the hand signal
C) use the hand signal then say stay
D) reward the dog for an approximation of the behavior
C) use the hand signal then say stay
New Cue then Established Cue
Responses that are made prior to a pleasant event are more likely to be repeated:
A) Premak Principle
B) Spontaneous Recovery
C) Extinction Burst
D) Thorndike principle
D) Thorndike Principle
When your puppy plays too roughly you walk away:
A) R+
B) R-
C) P+
D) P-
D) P-
In Pavlov’s Experiment the Unconditioned Stimulus was
A) The Bell
B) The sight of food
C) the dog drooling
D) Pavlov’s verbal cue
B) the sight of the food
Unconditioned Stimulus is something that elicits a natural/reflexive response.
Kayla comes home from work and won’t open the crate while the dog is jumping. She walks away until he calms down then opens the crate.
A) R+
B) R-
C) P+
D) P-
D) P-
She removes herself to decrease jumping
Petey howls every time Ann uses the blender even though she uses it everyday. He continues to howl until it is turned off.
A) R+
B) R-
C) P+
D) P-
B) R-
Denise puts a raincoat on her dog. He stands still and won’t move until she takes it off.
A) R+
B) R-
C) P+
D) P-
B) R-
Bob asks Max to Sit, then clicks and gives him a treat. The verbal cue is:
A) a primary reinforcer
B) a secondary Reinforcer
C) a tertiary reinforcer
D) a neutral Stimulus
C) a tertiary reinforcer
The Drool is the
UCR
Unconditioned Response
The Bell is the
NS
Neutral Stimulus
In Pavlov’s Experiment the Food is the
US
Unconditioned Stimulus
Which of the following best describes Operant Conditioning?
A) Emotional associations paired with an event
B) Learning that is influenced by consequences of a behavior impacting the likelihood of the behavior happening again
C) Another term is Pavlovian conditioning
D) It means both punishment and reinforcement increase a behavior
B) Learning that is influenced by consequences of a behavior impacting the likelihood of the behavior happening again
What is normally the relationship between a click and a treat?
A) The click predicts the treat
B) The click is a conditioned positive reinforcer
C) The click prompts the behavior
D) Both A and B
E) Both A and C
D) Both A and B
The click predicts the treat and is a conditioned positive reinforcer
Which of the following pertain to classical Conditioning?
A) Associative Learning
B) A novel stimulus is paired with a stimulus that already creates an emotional response. Overtime, the once novel stimuli becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits an emotional response on it’s own
C) Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning often occur simultaneously
D) Learning through Classical Conditioning does not depend on the animal’s behavior
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
Noelle joyfully jumps on anyone who comes to the front door. Joe has started shaking a can of pennies near her to stop the jumping. This is:
A) R+
B) R-
C) P+
D) P-
C) P+
Adding the scary sound to decrease jumping
When Zoey was a puppy Jeff gave a treat every time he clicked and training progressed quickly. Jeff’s kid now likes to play with the clicker, clicking it randomly. Zoey is no longer responding to training. This is:
A) Adaption
B) Learned Helplessness
C) Generalization
D) Learned Irrelevance
D) Learned Irrelevance
Which is the best example of the opposite of habituation?
A) reinforcement
B) sensitization
C) adaptation
D) punishment
B) Sensitization
An example of a secondary or conditioned reinforcer:
A) a dog hearing his name
B) a dog being given a treat
C) a dog pulling on a leash
D) a dog eating a piece of cheese
A) a dog hearing his name
What is the problem with using a punisher?
A) it hurts the dog’s feelings
B) it doesn’t tell the dog what he should be doing instead
C) the dog may not care about the punisher
D) the punisher is an adversive
B) it doesn’t tell the dog what he should be doing instead
What is a modal/fixed action pattern?
Are natural automatic behavior sequences that dogs are born with that don’t need to be taught that dogs perform in response to a specific stimulus.
Chasing, Marking, Digging, Shredding, Nursing
Whenever Spunky chews a bone and another dog approaches, Spunky growls and the other dog goes away. This is:
A) +R
B) -R
C) +P
D) -P
B)-R
When Lucy hears the sound of her leash being taken off the hook, she comes running. This is:
A) Operant Conditioning
B) Premak Principle
C) Thorndike’s Law of Effect
D) Classical Conditioning
D) Classical Conditioning
PLEASURE
Is associated with which quadrant?
R+
PAIN
Is associated with which quadrant?
P+
RELIEF
Is associated with which quadrant?
R-
LOSS
Is associated with which quadrant?
P-
Negative Punishment
Which of the following is Operant Conditioning:
A) Dog sitting when a stranger approaches
B) Dog running behind your legs when a stranger approaches
C) Dog salivating when he hears a bag of treats opened
D) Dog hiding under a bed when he hears thunder
A) Dog sitting when a stranger approaches
According to the humane hierarchy, environmental factors are:
A) Above Classical Conditioning
B) Between +R and -P
C) Directly above -R
D) at the bottom of the hierarchy
A) Above Classical Conditioning
Whenever Brian has the TV on high volume, Lucky howls until Brian turns it off. This is
A) Positive Reinforcement
B) Negative Reinforcement
C) Positive Punishment
D) Negative Punishment
B) Negative Reinforcement
Something that is unconditioned is
A) Without criteria
B) A neutral Stimulus
C) Not learned
D) An emotional response
C) Not learned
A dog knows the hand signal for stay. You want to teach the verbal cue. You should:
A) Use the verbal “stay” followed by the hand gesture
B) Use the hand gesture followed by the verbal “stay”
C) Use the verbal “stay” and if no response, add the hand gesture
D) Use the hand gesture and if no response, add the verbal “stay”
A) Use the verbal “stay” followed by the hand gesture
Cue switching - New Cue then Old Cue
If you ask a dog to heel for several minutes and then let him run free, this is:
A) Pavlov’s discovery
B) Thorndike’s Law
C) Watson’s Theory of Behavior
D) Premak Principle
D) Premak Principle
Whenever Scarlett whimpers, Cathy runs over and says “what’s wrong?” This is
A) +R
B) -R
C) +P
D) -P
A) +R
Which type of differential reinforcement gives you the most options for rewarding a behavior:
A) DRA
B) DRI
C) DRO
D) DRE
C) DRO
Whenever Rio pulls on walks, Steve gently jerks the leash to stop the pulling saying “this doesn’t hurt him” This is:
A) +R
B) -R
C) +P
D) -P
C) +P
Using a verbal marker when a dog has correctly performed a behavior is considered a:
A) Primary Reinforcer
B) Secondary Reinforcer
C) High Value Reinforcer
D) Fixed Reinforcer
B) Secondary Reinforcer
Stormy loves playing in the park and jumps around the car when they arrive. Cindy waits until Stormy is sitting calmly, then she opens the door and lets him run. This is:
A) +P, then -P
B) +R, then +P
C) -P, then +R
D) -R, then +R
C) -P, then +R
Dogs will repeat a behavior if there’s a desirable outcome this is
A) Thorndike’s Law of Effect
B) Skinner’s Conditioning
C) A > B > C
D) Premak Principle
A) Thorndike’s Law of Effect
Patches knows how to scratch at the back door to be let out to go potty. When he stays overnight at a friend’s he has some accidents, this is because:
A) he hasn’t learned to discriminate
B) he hasn’t learned to generalize
C) he hasn’t been properly cued
D) he is responding to a conditioned stimulus
B) he hasn’t learned to generalize
Post reinforcement pause usually occurs with
A) Fixed Interval
B) Fixed Ratio
C) Variable Interval
D) Variable Ratio
B) Fixed Ratio
A post reinforcement pause (PRP) is when
A learner stops responding for a short time after receiving reinforcement.
Generally occurs with Fixed Ratio (number)
One theory is that this occurs after the learner is fatigued from performing many responses in a row and collecting a reinforcer
If a person says sit when the dog already knows the nonverbal cue, the dog is likely to
A) Consider the verbal cue more salient
B) Block the verbal cue
C) Display learned helplessness
D) Lie down instead
B) Block the verbal cue
Misty is allowed in the living room only if she does not bark. If she begins to bark, she is put in the kitchen until she is quiet. This is:
A) +R
B) -R
C) +P
D) -P
D) -P
All of the following statements are true about Pavlov’s dogs except:
A) They originally had no response to the bell
B) They learned to respond to the bell
C) They associated salivation with food
D) They learned to associate the bell with food
C) They associated salivation with food
Nicki is afraid of men in hats and will bare her teeth until they take the hat off. This is
A) +R
B) - R
C) +P
D) - P
B) - R
Relief
In Pavlov’s Experiment, the dogs salivating in the presence of food is called:
A) The Conditioned Response
B) The Unconditioned Response
C) The Instinctive Response
D) The Unconditioned Stimulus
B) The Unconditioned Response
You are teaching your dog Touch. You ask him to Touch and as his nose hits your hand he also attempts a shake. You click at the same time. Now, every time you ask for a Touch he touches your hand but also lifts his paw. This is an example of what
Superstitious Behavior
In Classical Conditioning, learning takes place when:
A) The US precedes the UR
B) The NS becomes a CS
C) The consequence follows the behavior
D) The NS is presented
B) The NS becomes a CS
What type of reinforcement is being used when a dog is rewarded after 30 seconds, then a minute, then 45 seconds?
A)Fixed Ratio
B) Variable Ratio
C) Fixed Interval
D) Variable Interval
D) Variable Interval
TIME
The goal of CC is:
A) Switch from Classical to Operant Conditioning
B) Change the Unconditioned Stimulus
C) Change a previously conditioned response
D) Strengthen a behavior
C) Change a previously conditioned response
In Operant Conditioning, if you repeatedly ask for a behavior without giving reinforcement:
A) Learning occurs
B) You faded the lure
C) Spontaneous Recovery happens
D) Extinction Occurs
D) Extinction Occurs
Spontaneous Recovery is when
A previously extinguished behavior reappears
Intrinsic Motivation is
Something that comes from within.
Autonomy, Mastery, Purpose
Extrinsic Motivation is
Something that comes from outside - compensation, punishment, reward
When conditioning the noise of a bell in Classical Conditioning - if you ring the bell once, wait half a second, then give a treat this is:
A) Forward Delay
B) Forward Trace
C) Backwards Trace
D) Simultaneous Conditioning
A) Forward Delay
This is most effective.
Classical Conditioning - if you ring the bell and give a treat while the bell is still being rung this is:
A) Forward Delay
B) Forward Trace
C) Backwards Trace
D) Simultaneous Conditioning
D) Simultaneous Conditioning
What is the Breland Effect
When a trained dog gradually reverts back to natural, instinctive behaviors.
Also known as instinctive drift.
Example - when a dog is fetching a toy as trained but then shakes it to “kill it”
Which of the following is a classically conditioned response:
A) dog sits to get a treat
B) dog stops pulling on leash when wearing a head halter
C) dog was sprayed by a hose and now runs when the hose is used
D) dog comes when called and gets praised
C) dog was sprayed by a hose and now runs when the hose is used
“Actions have consequences” is generally attributed to:
A) Pavlov
B) Skinner
C) Dunbar
D) Belyayev
B) Skinner
Once Pavlov’s dogs knew the ringing of the bell meant food was coming, the bell became
A) neutral stimulus
B) unconditioned stimulus
C) conditioned response
D) conditioned stimulus
D) conditioned stimulus
A dog does not like the feel of the new front doormat under her feet. When walking up to the doorway, she stands still, refusing to proceed until her owner pushes the mat off to the side away from the door. Only then will the dog go through the doorway. This is:
A) R+
B) R-
C) P+
D) P-
B) R-
RELIEF
Prediction: Dog will continue the behavior (R) because the averse stimulus was removed (-)
All of the following are true about rabies except
A) it is rarely fatal
B) it affects the dog’s central nervous system
C) symptoms include seizures
D) it is transmitted by a bite from an infected animal
A) it is rarely fatal
Whenever her dog whimpers while Amy eats, she takes some food from her plate and gives it to the dog. A functional assessment prediction is:
A) Amy will continue to feed the dog from her plate
B) the dog will continue to wait for food
C) Amy will continue to prepare meals
D) the dog will continue to whimper
D) the dog will continue to whimper
Using punishment
A) stops the behavior for good
B) can make fearful dogs more fearful
C) strengthens your bond with your dog by giving clear pack hierarchy
D) is never viewed as a reward by the dog
B) can make fearful dogs more fearful
When a dog pulled the tablecloth to get to the plate of chicken, the cloth slid and all the dishes crashed to the floor. Now the dog is afraid to go near the table. This is:
A) Negative Punishment
B) Classical Conditioning
C) Negative Reinforcement
D) Unconditioned Emotional Response
B) Classical Conditioning
The first step in Pavlov’s Experiment was that he observed:
A) Dogs give an Unconditioned Response when they hear a bell
B) Dogs give an Unconditioned Response when they are presented with food
C) Dogs salivate when a bell rings
D) Dogs associate any object with food
B) Dogs give an Unconditioned Response when they are presented with food
All of the following apply to Operant Learning except:
A) Behaviors that are reinforced will be strengthened
B) Learning is the result of the causes of an action and it’s consequences
C) It is a type of learning where the dog has little control over his environment
D) Behaviors that are not reinforced will weaken
C) It is a type of learning where the dog has little control over his environment
Rewarding a dog for lowering his chest as part of learning “down” is considered:
A) latency of response
B) temporary criteria
C) rate of reinforcement
D) capturing a behavior
B) temporary criteria
This would be used in shaping a down and would be one step in a series of successive approximations
The hierarchy of reinforcers shows:
A) the value of the reinforcer depends on the behavior
B) certain reinforcers are more valuable
C) incompatible behaviors are more valuable than alternate behaviors
D) the length of time a dog offers the same behavior before a reward is given
B) certain reinforcers are more valuable
You repeatedly pair presenting food to a dog when you ring a bell. Over time, the dog begins to drool when it hears the sound alone. The act of the dog drooling at the sound of the bell has become:
A) A Conditioned Stimulus
B) A Conditioned Response
C) An Unconditioned Stimulus
D) An Unconditioned Response
B) A Conditioned Response
Which of the following applies when establishing a conditioned reinforcer
A) the dog’s behavior is irrelevant
B) the dog’s behavior is critical
C) only desired responses are reinforced
D) dogs should be prompted not to give up
C) only desired responses are reinforced
When a dog learns something over time but it doesn’t show as learned until the behavior is useful or necessary is:
Latent Learning
Example: a dog who gets loose on a walk may run home even though “Home” was never cued. They learned the context of home through prior walks.
Agonistic behaviors are used to:
A) Escalate tension in a confrontation
B) resolve conflict
C) antagonize another dog
D) achieve fluency
B) resolve conflict
All of the following are examples of classically conditioned stimuli except:
A) Owner’s keys in the door
B) Drinking from a water bowl
C) A clicker
D) Refrigerator door opening
B) Drinking from a water bowl
A dog begins shaking when he is taken to the vet. This is most likely:
A) Classical Conditioning
B) Operant Conditioning
C) A seizure
D) Desensitization
A) Classical Conditioning
