Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPDT-KA Study > Learning Theory > Flashcards

Learning Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Pavlov

A

Classical Conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who created Classical Conditioning?

A

Pavlov

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Watson

A

Behavior is based on responding to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who did the Baby Albert experiment?

A

Watson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who did the Baby Albert experiment?

A

Watson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who developed the theory that all Classical Conditioning explains all behavioral psychology?

A

Watson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who coined the Law of Effect?

A

Thorndike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Law of Effect?

A

Consequences drive the strengthening or weakening of a behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who created Operant Conditioning?

A

Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Operant Conditioning?

A

Stimulus > Action > Consequence

Using rewards or punishments to modify a behavior.

Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Premak Principle?

A

High probability behavior reinforces low probability behavior.

“Grandma’s Rule” Finish Veggies to get Ice Cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Classical Counter Conditioning?

A

Changing a response to a stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is Classical Counter Conditioning Used?

A

To change a fear response by pairing the frightening stimuli with food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does CER stand for?

A

Conditioned Emotional Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is desensitization?

A

Gradual exposure to stimuli while dog remains under threshold.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Learning associations between behaviors and consequences is…

A

Operant Conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Operant Conditioning is founded on…

A

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ABCs are an example of

A

Operant Conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Behavior is strengthened

A

Reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Behavior is weakened

A

Punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

+R

A

Positive Reinforcement

ADD to INCREASE

Good stuff happens, increasing behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

-P

A

Negative Punishment

REMOVE to DECREASE

Good stuff stops, decreased behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

+P

A

Positive Punishment

ADD to DECREASE

Bad stuff happens, decreases behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

-R

A

Negative Reinforcement

REMOVE to INCREASE

Bad stuff stops, increases behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Positive

A

Add Stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Negative

A

Remove Stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Reinforcement

A

Increases Behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Punishment

A

Decreases Behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Punishment

A

Decreases Behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Primary Reinforcers

A

Food, Water, Sleep, Pleasure, Elimination, Sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Secondary Reinforcer

A

Something paired with a primary reinforcer to gain value

Example:
Clicker = Food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

New behavior should be rewarded with

A

High Value Rewards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Maintaining a behavior should be rewarded with

A

Lower value rewards or less frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

CRF

A

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule

Reward after every single correct action is performed.

Good for teaching a new behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Fixed Interval Reinforcement (FI)

A

Rewarding after a set and unchanging amount of TIME

Example: A treat after every 3 seconds of a sit-stay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Variable Interval Reinforcement (VI)

A

Changing, intermittent or unpredictable reinforcement for amount of TIME an action is performed.

Ping ponging. 3 seconds, 5 seconds, 4 seconds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Fixed Ratio Reinforcement (FR)

A

Rewards given after a set NUMBER of repetitions of an action.

Example: Touch, touch, touch = treat. Treat given always after 3 touches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Variable Ratio Reinforcement (VR)

A

Rewards given after an unpredictable or varying NUMBER of repetitions of an action.

Example: Treats after 2 touches, 4 touches, 3 touches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What Reinforcement Schedule is most resistant to extinction?

A

Variable Ratio Reinforcement

Example: Like a slot machine - people continue to pull the lever hoping for a jackpot even though most pulls give no reward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the LEAST productive reinforcement schedule?

A

Fixed Interval is the least productive as it is most susceptible to extinction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Kneeing the dog in the chest when he jumps is an example of

A

Positive Punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Spraying a dog with water when they bark is an example of

A

Positive Punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Coming to a stop when your dog is pulling on a leash is an example of

A

P-

Negative Punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Turning away from a jumping dog is an example of

A

Negative Punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What can cause an increase in fear, aggression and anxiety?

A

Using Positive Punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is extinction?

A

The disappearance of a previously learned behavior after reinforcement stops.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

In Operant Conditioning what does prompting refer to?

A

Visual signals or physical assistance to elicit a behavior rather than waiting for the dog to perform the behavior on his own.

Luring, physical manipulation, exaggerated hand signals that are not meant to be a cue in it’s final form, body blocking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Fading the lure means

A

Removing a prompt or food lure as quickly as possible when training a behavior so the dog does not become dependent on the lure to perform the behavior.

Remove the food and only use the hand signal, then reduce or remove the hand signal and only use the verbal cue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is body blocking?

A

Using your body to block the dog’s movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is Shaping?

A

Shaping is a method that is used to train more complex behaviors by breaking the behavior into small steps or approximations of the desired result then rewarding each step.

As you get closer to the desired behavior, you only reward successive approximations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is chaining?

A

Chaining is teaching multiple behaviors and then perform them in a particular order to result in the end goal behavior. Only the last cue in the chain is rewarded.

The first behavior becomes the cue for the next behavior.

Example: Fetch: Runs after the ball > picks up ball > carries ball back to you > drops the ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is Forward Chaining?

A

Typically just called chaining. The first behavior in the sequence is taught first, then the next, progressing to the full sequence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is Back Chaining?

A

Back Chaining is where you teach a complex behavior starting with the end step and then teaching each step that comes prior to the final step.

The theory is that the final behavior is practiced more frequently so it gets more heavily reinforced which can help build momentum for the preceding steps as they are introduced.

Example: Fetch - Drop Ball > bring ball > grab ball > run after ball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Do dogs generally respond to forwards chaining or backward chaining better?

A

Backwards Chaining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is Stimulus Control

A

Dog performs behavior with discrimination and generalization.

Discrimination - dog sits when ask to sit, doesn’t lay down when asked to sit. Doesn’t sit if not asked. Knows the word.

Generalization - dog sits in living room, kitchen, outside, everywhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the difference between Classical and Operant Conditioning?

A

Classical Conditioning elicits an involuntary, emotional or reflexive response. Association.

Operant Conditioning elicits a voluntary response reinforced with consequences. The dog has control over it’s actions. Learning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Classical Counter Conditioning is often paired with

A

Desensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Operant Counter Conditioning is different from Classical Counter Conditioning because…

A

You are teaching the dog to offer a voluntary behavior (DRA/DRI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Non-Associative Learning through gradual exposure is…

A

Desensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

DS/CC

A

Desensitization & Counter Conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Sensitization is

A

Amplified response to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Habituation is

A

When an animal gets used to or ignores a stimulus.

It differs from desensitization as no rewards or punishers are offered. The dog simply gets used to the stimulus (usually an environmental stimulus) - example: pinecones falling on the roof or a new baby in the home crying.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

The limbic system

A

Controls fight, flight, freeze

64
Q

Flooding is

A

Exposing a dog to a scary stimulus for as long a period needed for the dog to calm down (usually shut down from learned helplessness).

65
Q

Training a dog not to jump on you by doing nothing is an example of

A

Extinction

66
Q

The problem with extinction is

A

That it does not teach the dog what to do instead and is time consuming due to extinction bursts

67
Q

Are extinction and -P the same?

A

No. In negative Punishment, you are removing something. In extinction you do absolutely nothing so there is nothing to remove. Negative Punishment would be turning around when a dog jumps on you. Extinction would be to do absolutely nothing at all.

68
Q

Learned Irrelevance is

A

Dog stops responding to a previously learned stimulus or cue due to the cue not being consistently or sufficiently paired with a reward.

69
Q

A poisoned cue is

A

A cue that has been reinforced with a negative consequence.

Example - “ Go to Crate” then consistently leaving for 8 hours may poison the cue. A new cue can be introduced but with a focus on varying the reinforcement schedule.

70
Q

Learned Helplessness is

A

The mental state that occurs when an animal is repeatedly forced to bear aversive stimuli in a way that he cannot escape.

71
Q

Deprivation is

A

Withholding something the dog loves to modify behavior.

“nothing in life is free”

Example: Crating the dog until the dog is potty trained. Wait to get food.

72
Q

DRA is

A

Differential Reinforcement of an Alternate Behavior.

What would you like to do instead?

73
Q

DRI is

A

Differential Reinforcement of an Incompatible Behavior

74
Q

DRO

A

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior

Do ANYTHING else

75
Q

DRE

A

Differential Reinforcement of Excellent Behavior

Start to nitpick, only reward when the dog has met all the criteria for a given cue

76
Q

The Antecedent is

A

The stimulus that causes the dogs response.

Example: a cue, the mailman, grabbing a leash

77
Q

Discrimination is

A

Learning the difference between one or more stimuli in an environment.

78
Q

Generalization is

A

The dog learning to give the same response regardless of the situation/antecedents

79
Q

Blocking is

A

When a cue the dog already knows gets in the way of his ability to learn a new cue for the same behavior.

Presenting a new cue at the same time as the old cue may BLOCK the new cue.

Example: hand signal for Sit while saying Sit when your dog already knows the hand signal.

80
Q

Overshadowing is

A

A non verbal cue often paired with a verbal cue where the non verbal cue is more relevant to the dog and overshadowing your verbal cue.

81
Q

Salience is

A

When there are multiple cues for the same thing, one will be dominant for the dog.

Example hand signal and verbal cue, the hand signal is usually more salient.

82
Q

When adding or changing a cue you should…

A

Say the new cue first, then the known cue

83
Q

An Environmental Cue is

A

Something that naturally occurs in the dogs body or environment.

Example: feeling the need to pee or seeing the sun rise

84
Q

Prompting is

A

Attention noises or actions such as kissy noises, patting your leg, running away with the dog, touching the dog

85
Q

Luring is

A

The dog following the movement of food

86
Q

Shaping is

A

Breaking a behavior into multiple successive steps

87
Q

Modeling is

A

Physically manipulating the dog into a position

Example: pushing a dog’s butt to get them to sit

88
Q

Capturing is

A

Waiting for the dog to spontaneously offer a behavior then mark & reward

89
Q

Environmental Management is

A

Manipulating the Antecedent to redesign the situation to promote success and limit rehearsal

90
Q

Trigger Stacking is

A

When a dog is exposed to multiple triggers over a short period of time which can result in an exaggerated stress response.

Just can’t take it anymore.

91
Q

Training Plans for a single session should include

A

Measurable goals
Move on when dog performs 8 out of 10 times
End a session with a success

92
Q

Head halters rely on +P because

A

Pressure is applied to the dog’s muzzle. Then -R happens when the dog stops pulling and pressure is released.

93
Q

Marking a desired behavior should happen

A

Instantly

94
Q

Rewarding after marking should happen

A

“Promptly” (within 3 seconds)

95
Q

Continuous Reinforcement is used when

A

The dog is working on acquisition of a new learned behavior

96
Q

When the dog has learned the behavior you should use which reward schedule?

A

Variable

This drives motivation.

97
Q

We are more likely to repeat a behavior if we have a good experience. This is the basis of:

A

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

98
Q

An Unconditioned Response is

A

A reflexive response

99
Q

When training a dog with Classical Conditioning, which should happen?

A) The Neutral Stimulus must be presented before the Unconditioned Stimulus
B) The Unconditioned Response must occur before the Unconditioned Stimulus
C) The Neutral Response must occur before the Unconditioned Response
D) The Unconditioned Stimulus must be presented before the Neutral Stimulus

A

A

The Neutral Stimulus must be presented before the Unconditioned Stimulus

Neutral Stimulus: something that doesn’t initially elicit a response
Unconditioned Stimulus: something that causes a reflexive response (food)

NS + US = UCR
Bell + Food = Drool

100
Q

Which of the following behaviors is not a modal/fixed action pattern:

A) digging in the dirt
B) chasing a squirrel
C) sniffing a specific patch of grass
D) sitting up and begging at the dinner table

A

D. Sitting up and begging.

A modal/fixed action pattern is an instinctive sequence of behavior usually carried out to completion without significant variation

101
Q

To teach a dog the hand signal for stay once they’ve learned the verbal cue:
A) say stay and then use the hand signal
B) repeatedly use the hand signal
C) use the hand signal then say stay
D) reward the dog for an approximation of the behavior

A

C) use the hand signal then say stay

New Cue then Established Cue

102
Q

Responses that are made prior to a pleasant event are more likely to be repeated:
A) Premak Principle
B) Spontaneous Recovery
C) Extinction Burst
D) Thorndike principle

A

D) Thorndike Principle

103
Q

When your puppy plays too roughly you walk away:
A) R+
B) R-
C) P+
D) P-

A

D) P-

104
Q

In Pavlov’s Experiment the Unconditioned Stimulus was
A) The Bell
B) The sight of food
C) the dog drooling
D) Pavlov’s verbal cue

A

B) the sight of the food

Unconditioned Stimulus is something that elicits a natural/reflexive response.

105
Q

Kayla comes home from work and won’t open the crate while the dog is jumping. She walks away until he calms down then opens the crate.

A) R+
B) R-
C) P+
D) P-

A

D) P-

She removes herself to decrease jumping

106
Q

Petey howls every time Ann uses the blender even though she uses it everyday. He continues to howl until it is turned off.

A) R+
B) R-
C) P+
D) P-

A

B) R-

107
Q

Denise puts a raincoat on her dog. He stands still and won’t move until she takes it off.

A) R+
B) R-
C) P+
D) P-

A

B) R-

108
Q

Bob asks Max to Sit, then clicks and gives him a treat. The verbal cue is:
A) a primary reinforcer
B) a secondary Reinforcer
C) a tertiary reinforcer
D) a neutral Stimulus

A

C) a tertiary reinforcer

109
Q

The Drool is the

A

UCR

Unconditioned Response

110
Q

The Bell is the

A

NS

Neutral Stimulus

111
Q

In Pavlov’s Experiment the Food is the

A

US

Unconditioned Stimulus

112
Q

Which of the following best describes Operant Conditioning?

A) Emotional associations paired with an event
B) Learning that is influenced by consequences of a behavior impacting the likelihood of the behavior happening again
C) Another term is Pavlovian conditioning
D) It means both punishment and reinforcement increase a behavior

A

B) Learning that is influenced by consequences of a behavior impacting the likelihood of the behavior happening again

113
Q

What is normally the relationship between a click and a treat?

A) The click predicts the treat
B) The click is a conditioned positive reinforcer
C) The click prompts the behavior
D) Both A and B
E) Both A and C

A

D) Both A and B

The click predicts the treat and is a conditioned positive reinforcer

114
Q

Which of the following pertain to classical Conditioning?

A) Associative Learning
B) A novel stimulus is paired with a stimulus that already creates an emotional response. Overtime, the once novel stimuli becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits an emotional response on it’s own
C) Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning often occur simultaneously
D) Learning through Classical Conditioning does not depend on the animal’s behavior
E) All of the above

A

E) All of the above

115
Q

Noelle joyfully jumps on anyone who comes to the front door. Joe has started shaking a can of pennies near her to stop the jumping. This is:

A) R+
B) R-
C) P+
D) P-

A

C) P+

Adding the scary sound to decrease jumping

116
Q

When Zoey was a puppy Jeff gave a treat every time he clicked and training progressed quickly. Jeff’s kid now likes to play with the clicker, clicking it randomly. Zoey is no longer responding to training. This is:

A) Adaption
B) Learned Helplessness
C) Generalization
D) Learned Irrelevance

A

D) Learned Irrelevance

117
Q

Which is the best example of the opposite of habituation?
A) reinforcement
B) sensitization
C) adaptation
D) punishment

A

B) Sensitization

118
Q

An example of a secondary or conditioned reinforcer:
A) a dog hearing his name
B) a dog being given a treat
C) a dog pulling on a leash
D) a dog eating a piece of cheese

A

A) a dog hearing his name

119
Q

What is the problem with using a punisher?
A) it hurts the dog’s feelings
B) it doesn’t tell the dog what he should be doing instead
C) the dog may not care about the punisher
D) the punisher is an adversive

A

B) it doesn’t tell the dog what he should be doing instead

120
Q

What is a modal/fixed action pattern?

A

Are natural automatic behavior sequences that dogs are born with that don’t need to be taught that dogs perform in response to a specific stimulus.

Chasing, Marking, Digging, Shredding, Nursing

121
Q

Whenever Spunky chews a bone and another dog approaches, Spunky growls and the other dog goes away. This is:
A) +R
B) -R
C) +P
D) -P

A

B)-R

122
Q

When Dezzy hears the sound of his leash being taken off the hook, he comes running. This is:
A) Operant Conditioning
B) Premak Principle
C) Thorndike’s Law of Effect
D) Classical Conditioning

A

D) Classical Conditioning

123
Q

PLEASURE
Is associated with which quadrant?

A

R+

124
Q

PAIN
Is associated with which quadrant?

A

P+

125
Q

RELIEF
Is associated with which quadrant?

A

R-

126
Q

LOSS
Is associated with which quadrant?

A

P-

Negative Punishment

127
Q

Which of the following is Operant Conditioning:
A) Dog sitting when a stranger approaches
B) Dog running behind your legs when a stranger approaches
C) Dog salivating when he hears a bag of treats opened
D) Dog hiding under a bed when he hears thunder

A

A) Dog sitting when a stranger approaches

128
Q

According to the humane hierarchy, environmental factors are:
A) Above Classical Conditioning
B) Between +R and -P
C) Directly above -R
D) at the bottom of the hierarchy

A

A) Above Classical Conditioning

129
Q

Whenever Brian has the TV on high volume, Lucky howls until Brian turns it off. This is
A) Positive Reinforcement
B) Negative Reinforcement
C) Positive Punishment
D) Negative Punishment

A

B) Negative Reinforcement

130
Q

Something that is unconditioned is
A) Without criteria
B) A neutral Stimulus
C) Not learned
D) An emotional response

A

C) Not learned

131
Q

A dog knows the hand signal for stay. You want to teach the verbal cue. You should:
A) Use the verbal “stay” followed by the hand gesture
B) Use the hand gesture followed by the verbal “stay”
C) Use the verbal “stay” and if no response, add the hand gesture
D) Use the hand gesture and if no response, add the verbal “stay”

A

A) Use the verbal “stay” followed by the hand gesture

Cue switching - New Cue then Old Cue

132
Q

If you ask a dog to heel for several minutes and then let him run free, this is:
A) Pavlov’s discovery
B) Thorndike’s Law
C) Watson’s Theory of Behavior
D) Premak Principle

A

D) Premak Principle

133
Q

Whenever Scarlett whimpers, Cathy runs over and says “what’s wrong?” This is
A) +R
B) -R
C) +P
D) -P

A

A) +R

134
Q

Which type of differential reinforcement gives you the most options for rewarding a behavior:
A) DRA
B) DRI
C) DRO
D) DRE

A

C) DRO

135
Q

Whenever Rio pulls on walks, Steve gently jerks the leash to stop the pulling saying “this doesn’t hurt him” This is:
A) +R
B) -R
C) +P
D) -P

A

C) +P

136
Q

Using a verbal marker when a dog has correctly performed a behavior is considered a:

A) Primary Reinforcer
B) Secondary Reinforcer
C) High Value Reinforcer
D) Fixed Reinforcer

A

B) Secondary Reinforcer

137
Q

Stormy loves playing in the park and jumps around the car when they arrive. Cindy waits until Stormy is sitting calmly, then she opens the door and lets him run. This is:
A) +P, then -P
B) +R, then +P
C) -P, then +R
D) -R, then +R

A

C) -P, then +R

138
Q

Dogs will repeat a behavior if there’s a desirable outcome this is
A) Thorndike’s Law of Effect
B) Skinner’s Conditioning
C) A > B > C
D) Premak Principle

A

A) Thorndike’s Law of Effect

139
Q

Patches knows how to scratch at the back door to be let out to go potty. When he stays overnight at a friend’s he has some accidents, this is because:
A) he hasn’t learned to discriminate
B) he hasn’t learned to generalize
C) he hasn’t been properly cued
D) he is responding to a conditioned stimulus

A

B) he hasn’t learned to generalize

140
Q

Post reinforcement pause usually occurs with
A) Fixed Interval
B) Fixed Ratio
C) Variable Interval
D) Variable Ratio

A

B) Fixed Ratio

141
Q

A post reinforcement pause (PRP) is when

A

A learner stops responding for a short time after receiving reinforcement.

Generally occurs with Fixed Ratio (number)

One theory is that this occurs after the learner is fatigued from performing many responses in a row and collecting a reinforcer

142
Q

If a person says sit when the dog already knows the nonverbal cue, the dog is likely to
A) consider the verbal cue more salient
B) Block the verbal cue
C) Display learned helplessness
D) Lie down instead

A

B) Block the verbal cue

143
Q

Misty is allowed in the living room only if she does not bark. If she begins to bark, she is put in the kitchen until she is quiet. This is:
A) +R
B) -R
C) +P
D) -P

A

D) -P

144
Q

All of the following statements are true about Pavlov’s dogs except:
A) They originally had no response to the bell
B) They learned to respond to the bell
C) They associated salivation with food
D) They learned to associate the bell with food

A

C) They associated salivation with food

145
Q

Nicki is afraid of men in hats and will bare her teeth until they take the hat off. This is
A) +R
B) - R
C) +P
D) - P

A

B) - R

Relief

146
Q

In Pavlov’s Experiment, the dogs salivating in the presence of food is called:
A) The Conditioned Response
B) The Unconditioned Response
C) The Instinctive Response
D) The Unconditioned Stimulus

A

B) The Unconditioned Response

147
Q

You are teaching your dog Touch. You ask him to Touch and as his nose hits your hand he also attempts a shake. You click at the same time. Now, every time you ask for a Touch he touches your hand but also lifts his paw. This is an example of what

A

Superstitious Behavior

148
Q

In Classical Conditioning, learning takes place when:
A) The US precedes the UR
B) The NS becomes a CS
C) The consequence follows the behavior
D) The NS is presented

A

B) The NS becomes a CS

149
Q

What type of reinforcement is being used when a dog is rewarded after 30 seconds, then a minute, then 45 seconds?
A)Fixed Ratio
B) Variable Ratio
C) Fixed Interval
D) Variable Interval

A

D) Variable Interval

TIME

150
Q

The goal of CC is:
A) Switch from Classical to Operant Conditioning
B) Change the Unconditioned Stimulus
C) Change a previously conditioned response
D) Strengthen a behavior

A

C) Change a previously conditioned response

151
Q

In Operant Conditioning, if you repeatedly ask for a behavior without giving reinforcement:
A) Learning occurs
B) You faded the lure
C) Spontaneous Recovery happens
D) Extinction Occurs

A

D) Extinction Occurs

152
Q

Spontaneous Recovery is when

A

A previously extinguished behavior reappears

153
Q

Intrinsic Motivation is

A

Something that comes from within.

Autonomy, Mastery, Purpose

154
Q

Extrinsic Motivation is

A

Something that comes from outside - compensation, punishment, reward

155
Q

When conditioning the noise of a bell in Classical Conditioning - if you ring the bell once, wait half a second, then give a treat this is:
A) Forward Delay
B) Forward Trace
C) Backwards Trace
D) Simultaneous Conditioning

A

A) Forward Delay

This is most effective.

156
Q

Classical Conditioning - if you ring the bell and give a treat while the bell is still being rung this is:
A) Forward Delay
B) Forward Trace
C) Backwards Trace
D) Simultaneous Conditioning

A

D) Simultaneous Conditioning

157
Q

What is the Breland Effect

A

When a trained dog gradually reverts back to natural, instinctive behaviors.

Also known as instinctive drift.

Example - when a dog is fetching a toy as trained but then shakes it to “kill it”

CPDT-KA Study (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions