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3P75 Health Education > Learning Theories > Flashcards

Learning Theories Flashcards

1
Q

What encompasses cognitive learning theory

A

Information processing, gestalt, cognitive development, social cognition

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2
Q

How to store things into STM

A

Rote memorization/rehearsal maintenance

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3
Q

What is elaborative rehearsal

(3) methods

A
  • storing into LTM … Works to organize information
  • associating with known information
  • chunking
  • forming mental picture
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4
Q

Gestalt theory

  • emphasis the importance of what
  • three principals
A
  • perception in learning
    1) ppl like simplicity
    2) perception is selective - may focus on one stimuli ie. Pt. in pain, can’t pay attention to learning
    3) pt choose what they want to ignore, based on their needs
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5
Q

What is schemata and does it belong to short term or long term

A
  • units of knowledge that organizes information and relationships among them
  • not always accurate ie. Horse/dog
  • long-term
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6
Q

What is the social/cognitive learning theory

A
  • says learning occurs by observation
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7
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A
  • personal characteristics, behaviour patterns and environment affects learning
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8
Q

Vicarious reinforcement

A

Observing someone’s emotions after a behaviour

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9
Q

Phases of social learning theory

A

Attentional phase- observation
Retention- storage and retrieval
Reproduction - copies what was learned
Motivational

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10
Q

Constructs of social learning theory

A

Expected outcomes - if behaviour results in positive outcomes
Expectancies - value of outcomes
Self-efficacy - confidence in performing behaviour
Self-control - personal regulation of goal-directed behaviour

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11
Q

Definition of reinforcement and 3 examples

A

Response to a behaviour that can increase or decrease reoccurrence
- direct external, self reinforcement, vicarious reinforce the

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12
Q

Emotional coping responses (3)

A
  • problem solving
  • stress management
  • practicing skills in emotional arousing situations
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13
Q

What are behavioural learning theories

A
  • says learning occurs when there’s a connection between a stimulus and a response
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14
Q

What is a stimulus

A
  • an event that’s followed by a response
    Stimulus = relaxation techniques
    Response = no pain
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15
Q

How to strengthen behaviour the fastest

How to strengthen the persistence of behaviour

A

Immediate and consistent

Intermittent

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16
Q

What is responded conditioning/classical

Provide example

A
  • what’s going on in the environment
  • NS (hospital) + UCS (smell) = UCR (feel sick)
    After a while, hospital becomes CS that results in a CR
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17
Q

What is systemic desensitization and example

A

Says fear of a stimulus can be learned and unlearned

Relaxation techniques and introducing stimulus slowly

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18
Q

operant conditioning

A

Based on reinforcement (rewards)

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19
Q

Reinforcement belongs to which theory

A

Social cognitive learning theory

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20
Q

Psychodynamic theory

A
  • emotion and responses over responses

- behaviour may be conscious or unconscious … Ppl may not be aware of their motivation

21
Q

Explain ID
Super ego
Ego

A

ID - primitive, seeks pleasure and avoids pain
Super - concerned with society standards
Ego - looks to please ID in realistic ways

22
Q

Defence mechanism’s

A

Review text pg. 60

23
Q

Erikson’s stages of life responds to which major theory

- list stages

A 
1 - trust vs mistrust (infancy)
2 - autonomy vs doubt
3 - initiation vs guilt 
4 - industry vs inferiority 
5 - identity vs role confusion (adolescence) 
6 - intimacy, isolation (young adult) 
7 - generatively, stagnation (adult) 
8 -integrity, guilt (older)
24
Q

Humanistic theory focuses on

Motivation stems from

A

Emotions and motivation

- stems from desire to grow, make own choices and maximizes capabilities

25
Q

What two theorists belong to humanistic theory

A

Maslow’s

Carl Rogers

26
Q

What are maslow’s needs

A

Physiological, safety, love and belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization

27
Q

Carl Rogers says that every patient wants..

Goal of his theory

A

Positive self regard (feeling loved with no strings attached)
To improve self-esteem

28
Q

What is crystallized intelligence

A

From past experiences and prior knowledge

29
Q

Fluid intelligence

A
  • ability of abstract thinking, solving problems
  • declines when older
  • reaction and processing time is slow
30
Q

Motor learning involves the ___ of a skill, not just the ___
What are the three variables and definitions

A

Retention, not just attainment

  • pre practice - modelling of task
  • practice - massed, distributive, varied, mental imagery
  • feedback - can be intrinsic or extrinsic
31
Q

Continuous vs intermittent feedback

What does it allow?

A
  • good for early learning, but may slow down learning

- helps with retention and LTM

32
Q

What are the three stages of motor learning

A
  • cognitive
  • associative
  • autonomous
33
Q

Domains of learning - cognitive

What are the diff types n definition

A

Guided response - earliest stage
Mechanism - intermediate, can perform skill with confidence ie. Can’t fix a computer but can use word
Complex overt response - most complex
Adaptation - modifying learned skill to fit new situations ie. Eating healthy at home
Origination - creating new movement patterns to fit new situations

34
Q

Assessment of learner involves (3)

A

patient needs, learning readiness, learning styles

35
Q

Categories of learning readiness, examples

A

Physical
Emotional - anxiety, support system
Experiential - cultural background, locus of control, past coping mechanisms
Knowledge

36
Q

VARK model

A

Visual
Aural
Reading/writing
Kinesthetics - hands on

37
Q

Jung and Myers-Brigg’s personality types

A

1) introversion-extroversion
2) sensing-intuition
3) thinking-feeling
4) judging-perceiving

38
Q

2) sensing-intuition

A
  • believe what they see, factual

- view world through possibilities, look at meaning

39
Q

Thinking-feeling

A
  • decisions based on logic

- decisions based on the impact it has on others and themselves

40
Q

Judging-perceiving

A
  • desire to regulate and bring closure to situations

- desire to be open minded and understanding

41
Q

Kolb’s experiential learning model

Two dimensions –> what are the four learning modes

A

Says learning results from the way learners perceive and process information

42
Q

Concrete experience

Perception or processing?

A
  • learn from feeling and interacting with people

Perception

43
Q

Abstract conceptualization

Perception or processing?

A

Rely on logic to solve problems

Perception

44
Q

Reflection observation

Perception or processing?

A

Observation

45
Q

Active experimentation

Perception or processing?

A

Experiment to get things done

46
Q

Cognitive development 0-2
Info
Piaget’s stage of development
Teaching strategies

A

Sensorimotor stage - learn through senses, motor activities promote understanding of the world

  • immobility increases anxiety
  • incorporate activities that involve motor abilities
47
Q

Cognitive development 2-5 years
Info
Piaget’s stage of development
Teaching strategies

A
  • learn through interacting and role modelling
  • minimal use of memory strategies
  • autobiographical memory
  • scripts for familiar events
    Piaget’s pre-operational stage
  • thinking is literal
  • very imaginative, fear is in their minds
  • be careful of word choice
48
Q

Cognitive development 6-10 years middle to late childhood
Info
Piaget’s stage of development
Teaching strategies

A
  • memory strategies –> rehearsal and semantic organization
  • cognitive inhibition strengthened (ability to tune out stimuli)
  • causal thinking.. Understands illness is r/t to cause and effect
    Concrete operations
  • logical thought, ability to reason inductively and deductively
  • logical thinking, but still not able to think abstractly, thus step by step instruction needed
49
Q

Cognitive development 11-adulthood
Info
Piaget’s stage of development
Teaching strategies

A
  • elaborative memory strategy
  • personal fable

Piaget’s formal operations
- can think abstract -> can hypothesize what’s going to happen next, problem solving

3P75 Health Education (5 decks)

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