Learning Pt. 2 Flashcards
What is reinforcement schedule?
Pattern that defined how often a wanted response will be reinforced/occur
What does it mean when it is continuous?
Reinforces the desired response every time it occurs
What is partial reinforcement schedule?
Reinforces a response only part of the time.
- slower in acquisition but much greater resistance to extinction
What are the different partial reinforcement schedules?
- fixed ratio = reinforced after specific number of responses
- variable ratio = reinforced after a random number of responses
- fixed interval = reinforced after a specific amount of time
- variable interval = reinforced after a random or average amount of time
What is shaping?
method of successive approximations of a target behavior (”you’re getting warmer”)
- extinguish voluntary behavior by removing reinforcer
What is observational learning?
Acquiring new behaviors and info by watching others
What neurons are associated with observational learning?
- mirror neurons = neurons that fire when someone else performs an action
- concentrated in frontal lobe = empathy neurons
- viewing media violence = increased aggression but can model positive, constructive, and helpful behavior
What was bandura’s boho doll experiment?
- focused on vicarious reinforcement and vicarious punishment
- someone demonstrated actions on a doll = harming it and then the child follows it
What were the discoveries of the bobo doll experiment?
- learn through modeling = does not need to be reinforced directly
- negative environment = learned
- consequences of environment = influence what you decide to do in a similar experiment
- live model vs movie ≠ have a big difference in impact
- ≠ act aggressively = imitated exact behaviors or elaborated on it
What is conditioned superstition?
- superstition that occurs when we associate things with positive or negative outcomes
- e.g. black cats bring bad luck, four leaf clover means luck, etc.
