Learning Process Flashcards
What is learning?
The process by which experience or practice brings about a relatively permanent change in behavior.
What are perceptions?
They are where all learning comes from. It is driven by five senses. Involves giving meaning to sensations. It is the basis of all learn.
What are factors that affect perception?
1) physical organism.
2) goals and values
3) self-concept.
4) Time and opportunity
5) Element of threat
How does the factor of the physical organism affect perception?
It provides the information to create perceptions based on the ability to see, hear, feel, and how to quickly respond while they are in the air.
How do goals and values affect perception?
Perceptions depends on one’s values and goals primarily. They are important for the instructor to know because this knowledge assists in predicting how the student interprets experiences instructions.
How does the factor of self-concept affect perception?
Arguably the most powerful determinant in learning. It is the student self image. Effects the perception process by if an experience supports a favorable self image the student tends to remain receptive to subsequent experiences.
How do time and opportunity affect perception?
It requires time and opportunity to receive. Timing of selected lessons and the length of these lessons must be varied depending on the needs of the student.
How does the element of threat affect perception?
It is unique in that it does not promote affective learning. What it does accomplish is narrowing of the perceptual field. When an individual is frightened the individual will then become focused on the thing that has generated the fear.
What is insight?
It is the grouping of perceptions into meaningful holes. It helps the student understand how each piece relates to all other pieces of the total pattern of the task to be learned.
What is knowledge?
It refers to the information that humans are consciously aware of and can articulate.
What is usually the students first attempt in acquiring knowledge?
Memorization.
What are some of the means of acquiring knowledge?
1) memorization
2) understanding.
3) concept learning
What are the laws of learning?
1) readiness
2) effect
3) exercise
4) primacy
5) intensity
6) recency
What is the law of readiness?
Maslows hierarchy of needs must first be met. Communicate a clear set of learning objectives to the student and relate each new topic to those objectives. Topics should be introduced in a logical order and leave the students with a need to learn the next topic.
What is the law of effect?
The formation of connections strengthened or weekend by a positive or negative response to a situation. Learning is strengthened by a pleasant feeling or satisfying feeling and weekend by the feet, frustration, anger, confusion.
What is the law of exercise?
Connections are strengthened with practice and weakened when practice is discontinued.”use it or lose it”
What is the law of primacy?
The state of being first. Often creates an almost unshakable impression and underlies the reason an instructor must teach correctly the first time and why a student must learn correctly the first time.
What is the law of recency?
The principle of recency states that things most recently learned are best remembered.
What are the domains of learning?
1) cognitive or thinking
2) affective or feeling
3) psychomotor or doing
What is the cognitive domain?
It is the remembering of specific facts and concepts that help develop intellectual abilities and skills.
What are the major categories of the cognitive domain?
1) knowledge: remembering of information
2) comprehension: explaining the meaning of information.
3) Application: using abstractions in concrete situations
4) Analysis: breaking down a whole into parts
5) synthesis: putting parts together to form a new whole
6) evaluation: making judgments about the merits of ideas, materials, phenomena
What are the practical learning levels in the cognitive domain?
1) rote
2) understanding
3) Application
4) correlation
What is the affective domain?
It addresses a learners emotions toward the learning experience. This includes feelings, values, enthusiasm, but motivations, and attitudes.
What are the educational levels of the affective domain?
1) receiving
2) responding
3) valuing
4) Organization
5) characterization
What is the psychomotor domain?
It is a skill-based domain that includes physical movement, coordination, and use of motor skill areas. Development typically requires repetitive practice and is measured in speed, precision, distance, and techniques.
What are the psychomotor objective levels?
1) perception
2) set
3) guided response
4) mechanism
5) complex overt response
6) adaptation
7) origination
What are the characteristics of learning?
1) Learning is purposeful
2) Learning is the result of experience
3) Learning is multifaceted
4) Learning is an active process
When it comes to the brain what are two learning styles?
1) right brain/holistic
2) left brain/serialist
What is the index of learning styles?
1) Active: retains and understands information by using it
2) reflective: thinks about information quietly
3) sensing: likes facts
4) intuitive: prefers discovery of possibilities/relationships
5) Visual: what is seen
6) verbal: includes not only words but writing
7) sequential: step-by-step
8) Global: learning by large jumps
The most common learning styles?
Visual, auditory, kinesthetic
What are the stages in acquiring skill and knowledge?
1) cognitive: student introduce the basic skill. Memorize the steps to perform the skill. Requires full attention.
2) associative: student must practice to learn how to coordinate muscles with visual and tactile senses. Able to assess progress and handle small distractions.
3) automatic: skill becomes automatic as responses are felt rather than thought out.
