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physiology > Learning objective 1&2 ( Homeostasis and organic molecules) > Flashcards

Learning objective 1&2 ( Homeostasis and organic molecules) Flashcards

1
Q

Define Physiology

A

Physiology is the study of how the body functions

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2
Q

True or False organ systems are not in relationship with each other

A

False

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3
Q

The most basic thing in organisms is a(n)____ that with others of itself makes____ that when with others of itself makes an organ. When organs come together they form ____ that together form the organism

A

Atom, Molecules, Cell, Tissues, Organ systems

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4
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Homeostasis is the relative balance of the conditions of the extracellular fluid despite external disturbances

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5
Q

True or false, hormones are under homeostasis in the body

A

False, hormones are not under homeostasis

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6
Q

Homeostasis is controlled by three components the first is____ which senses the stimulant the sends that information through the____ pathway to the _____ center which sends out a command through the _____ pathway to the_____

A

Receptor, Afferent, Control, Efferent, Effector

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7
Q

Define negative feedback loop

A

Negative feedback loop is a feedback loop to which the end result counteracts the disturbance to homeostasis

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8
Q

Describe how organic molecules are broken down

A

Hydrolysis

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9
Q

Why are organic molecules important

A

They are important because they make up the building blocks to the human body

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10
Q

What’s difference between hydrolysis and dehydration

A

Hydrolysis is adding a water molecule to two monomers while dehydration is is taking a way a water molecule from two monomers to make them one

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11
Q

What is a carbohydrate and what are the different types

A

Carbohydrates are a quick energy source for the body and there are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

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12
Q

What are the two main polysaccharides for this class

A

Starch which is from plants and glycogen which is from animals

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13
Q

What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated fats are molecularly linear fats that have single bonds all around while unsaturated fats have some double bonds between its carbon atoms

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14
Q

What is the main structure of Steroids

A

They are 4 hydrocarbon rings and they differ by the last one only having 5 carbons while the rest have 6 as well as they may have different molecules sticking to them

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15
Q

What monosaccharides make up maltose

A

Glucose and Glucose

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16
Q

What monosaccharides make up galactose and sucrose

A

Galactose is Glucose Galactose while Sucrose is Glucose and fructose

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17
Q

Describe negative feedback loop for Blood glucose

A

The pancreas senses that the glucose level in the blood is too high then releases insulin the pancreas senses the increase then releases insulin the liver senses this then stores glucose as glycogen. when blood sugar is too low pancreas senses it then sends glucagon to the liver then liver releases glucose into the blood

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18
Q

What’s the diffrence between triglycerides and phospholipids

A

Triglycerides have a glycerol head and three fatty acid chains while phospholipids have a glycerol head two fatty acid tails and a phosphate head that loves water.

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19
Q

What is diffrence between peroxisome and lysosome

A

Peroxisome detoxifies while the lysosome digests things in the cell

20
Q

What makes lipids different from other organic molecules

A

They are insoluble or slightly soluble in polar solvents

21
Q

What makes up a protein?

A

Amine group and an acid group

22
Q

What makes proteins different from each other?

A

The third group of molecules on the carbon that isn’t the acid group or amine group

23
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system

A

Protects insides from outside world and it synthesizes vitamin D

24
Q

What is the function of the Skeletal system

A

Gives the body structure, protects and is the cite of new blood formation

25
Q

What is the function of muscular system

A

Provides heat for the body and moves the body

26
Q

Nervous system function

A

It tells the body what to do and releases hormones for different tasks and it makes sense of information it receives

27
Q

Respiratory system function

A

It allows for the body allows for oxygen to enter the body and lets CO2 escape

28
Q

Lymphatic system function

A

Houses white blood cells and picks up fluid from the blood vessels and returns it to blood

29
Q

Digestive system function

A

Breaks down food and provides nutients for the cells

30
Q

Endocrine system function

A

Releases hormones for tasks

31
Q

Cardiovascular system function

A

Takes oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes waste from cells

32
Q

Urinary system function

A

Regulates and water as well as gets rid of nitrogen based waste

33
Q

Reproductive system function

A

Production of offspring

34
Q

What are the three components of cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments

35
Q

What is the main building block of proteins

A

Amino acids

36
Q

What are the functions of protein?

A

Structure, enzymes, transport (blood), Contraction, communication, defensive

37
Q

What is the function of microtubules?

A

It is a cylindrical cell structure that provides structure

38
Q

What is the function of intermediate filaments?

A

It is protein fibers that resists mechanical forces acting against the cell

39
Q

What is the function of microfilaments

A

Microfilaments are fine filaments made of actin present in the muscles and assist in contraction

40
Q

What are the building blocks of nucleotides

A

They have a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base

41
Q

What’s the difference between DNA and RNA

A

DNA is a double stranded helix with the nucleotides Thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine. It cannot leave the cell nucleus while RNA is single stranded and replaces the Thymine molecule with Uracil and is present outside the nucleus

42
Q

How are proteins linked to homeostasis

A

Proteins are very sensitive so a change in their environment can alter their structure meaning they cannot function the way they were meant to so homeostasis is important so that proteins can retain that structure. structure determines function

43
Q

What is similar between DNA and RNA

A

they both have sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base in their nucleotides. They are both

44
Q

The backbone of nucleotides are made of what?

A

Sugar phosphates

45
Q

What are the characteristics of phospholipids in the cell membrane

A

They are very fluid and their rigidity can be changed based on whether there are double bonds present in the fatty acid tails.

46
Q

Why do we want a fluid cell membrane

A

We need it for things like endocytosis and for the cell to divide easily.

47
Q

What is a lipid in the cell membrane that isn’t a phospholipid and what does it do

A

The steroid cholesterol is in the cell membrane and it functions to provide stability in the cell membrane as well as prevent crystallization of fatty acid tails in the cell membrane

physiology (5 decks)

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