learning, memory, and forgetting Flashcards
The ability to recall information
Memory
ability to recall perceived objects within seconds after stimulus has been removed.
Immediate memory (sensory memory)
remembering events experienced in the past few days, information is limited.
Short-Term Memory (STM)
Recalls the events in the distant past, stores information indefinitely, and its capacity is limitless.
Long Term Memory (LTM)
what is Atkinson and Shiffrin’s theory called?
Two – process theory
the initial recording of sensory information in the memory system.
Sensory Memory
In the sensory memory, how brief is all the information being held?
1/2 to 4 seconds
what are the 2 types of sensory memories?
iconic memory and echoic memory
sensory memory of a visual stimuli, memory only lasts for a few tenths of a second.
Iconic Memory
sensory memory for auditory stimuli, memories can usually last up to 3 or 4 seconds.
Echoic Memory
STM has a limited capacity and duration that lasts how many seconds?
7 +/- 2
Getting Information Out
Retrieval
measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier.
Recall
measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned.
Recognition
activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations of memory.
Priming
to retrieve information better when you are in the same context you learned it in.
Context Effects Memory Retrieval
retention of things without conscious recollection, a skill memory.
Implicit Memory (Procedural Memory)
a type of long-term memory that’s concerned with recollection of facts and events.
Explicit Memory
Information never enters the memory system
Forgetting As Encoding Failure
we cannot attend to everything in our environment
Attention is selective
Over time we just forget things
Storage Decay
failure to retrieve information from long-term memory
Retrieval Failure
Forgetting takes place simply through the passage of time.
Decay through disuse
if a person does not access and use the memory representation they have formed the memory trace will fade or decay over time.
decay theory
