attention and performance

Question 1

ability to focus on specific stimuli or locations.

Answer 1

Attention

Question 2

attending to one thing while ignoring others.

Answer 2

Selective Attention

Question 3

one stimulus interfering with the processing of another stimulus.

Answer 3

Distraction

Question 4

paying attention to more than one thing at a time.

Answer 4

Divided Attention

Question 5

rapid shifting of attention usually caused by a stimulus (loud noise, bright light, or sudden movement).

Answer 5

Attentional Capture

Question 6

movements of the eyes from one location or object to another

Answer 6

Visual Scanning

Question 7

we can isolate and examine a small portion of incoming stimuli to the exclusion of other stimuli

Answer 7

Selective

Question 8

we can alter the portion of stimuli we isolate and examine.

Answer 8

Shiftable

Question 9

we can, at times, examine two or more sources of stimuli simultaneously

Answer 9

Divisible

Question 10

“Dichotic listening” was a common task used in early attention studies.

Answer 10

Selective Listening

Question 11

people are able to focus on what one person is saying even if there are many conversations happening at the same time.

Answer 11

Cocktail party effect

Question 12

attended stimuli are identified initially and unattended stimuli receive little processing.

Answer 12

Early selection filter

Question 13

all stimuli are analyzed, but only attended stimuli are perceived.

Answer 13

Late selection filter

Question 14

a model of attention designed to explain how it is possible to focus on one message and why information isn’t taken in from the other message.

Answer 14

Filter Model of Attention

Question 15

In 1958, he created a model of attention called the Filter Model of Attention

Answer 15

Donald Broadbent

Question 16

holds all of the incoming information.

Answer 16

Sensory memory

Question 17

identifies the message that is being attended to based on its physical characteristics.

Answer 17

The filter

Question 18

processes the information from the attended message to determine higher-level characteristics of the message.

Answer 18

The detector

Question 19

consider attention as a set of limited cognitive resources for recognizing and categorizing stimuli.

Answer 19

Capacity models

Question 20

Recall that the readiness of a detector can be enhanced if the detector is primed.

Answer 20

Selective Priming

Question 21

produced by the presentation of the priming stimulus.

Answer 21

Stimulus-based priming

Question 22

when the individual believes the priming stimulus allows predictability of future outcomes.

Answer 22

Expectation-based priming

Question 23

the same pattern of benefits/costs with expectation based priming for spatial attention.

Answer 23

Redirecting Attention

Question 24

can focus on a single object in the left visual field, does not realize the object is there if another object is simultaneously presented to the right visual field.

Answer 24

Visual extinction

Question 25

extreme attentional disorder in which patients ignore the visual field controlled by the damaged hemisphere entirely.

Answer 25

Unilateral Visual Neglect

Question 26

a practiced central cognitive component of a task to the point where the task requires little or attention.

Answer 26

Automaticity

Question 27

once a process has become automatic, it is often difficult to stop executing the process even when we want to.

Answer 27

The Stroop Effect