Learning Language

Question 1

Learning Language occurs through

Answer 1

Direct Instruction

Question 2

A subconscious process in which language is internalized without deliberate intent

Answer 2

Language acquisition

Question 3

Developed cognitive theory of development

Answer 3

Piaget

Question 4

Stage in which intelligence is progressively demonstrated through use of symbols

Answer 4

Preoperational (2-7)

Question 5

Stage in which children demonstrate intelligence through logical ad organized methods of thinking

Answer 5

Concrete Operational (7-11)

Question 6

Theory that holds that language comprehension and production abilities develop through continual engagement with language

Answer 6

Connectionism (evolved from Piaget)

Question 7

Theory that suggests repeated exposure to stimuli can create learning

Answer 7

Behaviorist - Skinner

Question 8

A group of words and rules that compose and individuals working knowledge of a language

Answer 8

Linguistic set

Question 9

Set of 5 hypothesis that there is no fundamental difference in the way that humans acquire first and subsequent languages

Answer 9

Monitor model - Krashen

Question 10

Theory that only authentic acquisition through unconscious process of making meaning of the language through repeated exposure will allow students to use new language effectively

Answer 10

acquisition-learning hypothesis - monitor model

Question 11

Input that is just slightly above the student’s current grasp

Answer 11

comprehensible input

Question 12

Theory that children are born with the innate ability to understand the human voice and to distinguish between different parts of language

Answer 12

Universal grammar - Chomsky

Question 13

Children are not born with enough exposure to their native languages to explaining their ability to understand phonemes and therefore this exposure cannot account for the sum of their learned language.

Answer 13

poverty of stimulus - Chomsky

Question 14

when one applies knowledge of a first language onto another

Answer 14

transfer

Question 15

visually similar words

Answer 15

cognates

Question 16

students mix words from their first language in with the language they are learning

Answer 16

code-switching (where is the bano)

Question 17

period in which students are either unwilling to unable to communicate in their new language

Answer 17

silent period

Question 18

rule-based system that develops over time and that tends to blend aspects of the first language with those of the second. Overgeneralize speaking and writing rules.

Answer 18

interlanguage

Question 19

the point in 2nd language acquisition where the learner’s growth freezes in place and further development unlikely

Answer 19

fossilization

Question 20

Stage in which silent period occurs. 500+ vocabulary receptively

Answer 20

preproduction

Question 21

learners use 1K words receptively and actively. 1-3 word statements and respond to questions.

Answer 21

Early production stage

Question 22

EL vocab = 3K+ and students chunk simple words and phrases into sentences that may or may not be grammatically correct.

Answer 22

Speech emergence

Question 23

EL vocab 6K+. Speak in more complex sentences and catch and correct own mistakes.

Answer 23

intermediate fluency

Question 24

Students who have reached cognitive language proficiency in their learned language

Answer 24

advanced fluency

Question 25

providing accurate examples of speech and language for language learners.

Answer 25

language modeling

Question 26

New information that is able to be understood because it is introduced alongside information students already know

Answer 26

comprehensible input

Question 27

symbols used to represent phonemes

Answer 27

graphemes

Question 28

writing that is telling stories or events in their own lives.

Answer 28

narrative writing

Question 29

writing that describes things

Answer 29

descriptive writing

Question 30

writing that is used to explain or inform. Most frequently used

Answer 30

expository

Question 31

writing that provides readers with information about necessary steps to complete a task

Answer 31

procedural

Question 32

approach to literacy that learners should start at the top and work down to break into smaller pieces

Answer 32

whole language approach

Question 33

approach to literacy that students should focus independently on specific skills in reading writing and speaking.

Answer 33

phonetics/skills-based approach

Question 34

learners use prior knowledge and experience to generate specific lessons that are designed to enhance learning.

Answer 34

LEA (language experience approach) - teachers write what a student says verbatim and they work with that writing to learn.

Question 35

Stage of oral development where listening is a key component in making meaning of sounds. Early childhood and preschool.

Answer 35

emergent literacy

Question 36

stage of literacy development where students use multiple strategies to predict and understand words. Strong use of visual cues and background information

Answer 36

early stage

Question 37

stage of literacy where a steady reading pace and understanding of multiple strategies that can be used to decode texts

Answer 37

transitional stage

Question 38

literacy stage where students demonstrate the ability to maintain meaning throughout longer and more complex texts

Answer 38

fluency stage.

Question 39

Set of rules concerned with the function of words and how they can be combined to create effectively structured sentences

Answer 39

Grammar

Question 40

Rules of print that include spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and proper paragraphing of written work.

Answer 40

Mechanics

Question 41

The study of symbols and their meanings and interpretations

Answer 41

Semiotics

Question 42

The way people use language to communicate, particularly when there are multiple correct ways of saying something.

Answer 42

Usage