Learning Language Flashcards
Learning Language occurs through
Direct Instruction
A subconscious process in which language is internalized without deliberate intent
Language acquisition
Developed cognitive theory of development
Piaget
Stage in which intelligence is progressively demonstrated through use of symbols
Preoperational (2-7)
Stage in which children demonstrate intelligence through logical ad organized methods of thinking
Concrete Operational (7-11)
Theory that holds that language comprehension and production abilities develop through continual engagement with language
Connectionism (evolved from Piaget)
Theory that suggests repeated exposure to stimuli can create learning
Behaviorist - Skinner
A group of words and rules that compose and individuals working knowledge of a language
Linguistic set
Set of 5 hypothesis that there is no fundamental difference in the way that humans acquire first and subsequent languages
Monitor model - Krashen
Theory that only authentic acquisition through unconscious process of making meaning of the language through repeated exposure will allow students to use new language effectively
acquisition-learning hypothesis - monitor model
Input that is just slightly above the student’s current grasp
comprehensible input
Theory that children are born with the innate ability to understand the human voice and to distinguish between different parts of language
Universal grammar - Chomsky
Children are not born with enough exposure to their native languages to explaining their ability to understand phonemes and therefore this exposure cannot account for the sum of their learned language.
poverty of stimulus - Chomsky
when one applies knowledge of a first language onto another
transfer
visually similar words
cognates
students mix words from their first language in with the language they are learning
code-switching (where is the bano)
period in which students are either unwilling to unable to communicate in their new language
silent period
rule-based system that develops over time and that tends to blend aspects of the first language with those of the second. Overgeneralize speaking and writing rules.
interlanguage
the point in 2nd language acquisition where the learner’s growth freezes in place and further development unlikely
fossilization
Stage in which silent period occurs. 500+ vocabulary receptively
preproduction
learners use 1K words receptively and actively. 1-3 word statements and respond to questions.
Early production stage
EL vocab = 3K+ and students chunk simple words and phrases into sentences that may or may not be grammatically correct.
Speech emergence
EL vocab 6K+. Speak in more complex sentences and catch and correct own mistakes.
intermediate fluency
Students who have reached cognitive language proficiency in their learned language
advanced fluency
providing accurate examples of speech and language for language learners.
language modeling
New information that is able to be understood because it is introduced alongside information students already know
comprehensible input
symbols used to represent phonemes
graphemes
writing that is telling stories or events in their own lives.
narrative writing
writing that describes things
descriptive writing
writing that is used to explain or inform. Most frequently used
expository
writing that provides readers with information about necessary steps to complete a task
procedural
approach to literacy that learners should start at the top and work down to break into smaller pieces
whole language approach
approach to literacy that students should focus independently on specific skills in reading writing and speaking.
phonetics/skills-based approach
learners use prior knowledge and experience to generate specific lessons that are designed to enhance learning.
LEA (language experience approach) - teachers write what a student says verbatim and they work with that writing to learn.
Stage of oral development where listening is a key component in making meaning of sounds. Early childhood and preschool.
emergent literacy
stage of literacy development where students use multiple strategies to predict and understand words. Strong use of visual cues and background information
early stage
stage of literacy where a steady reading pace and understanding of multiple strategies that can be used to decode texts
transitional stage
literacy stage where students demonstrate the ability to maintain meaning throughout longer and more complex texts
fluency stage.
Set of rules concerned with the function of words and how they can be combined to create effectively structured sentences
Grammar
Rules of print that include spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and proper paragraphing of written work.
Mechanics
The study of symbols and their meanings and interpretations
Semiotics
The way people use language to communicate, particularly when there are multiple correct ways of saying something.
Usage
