Learning Guides 5 and 6

Question 1

A “frame of reference” said to propagate light and other electromagnetic waves

Answer 1

Ether

Question 2

Detected earth’s motion at an ether sea; the speed of light in empty space is the same

Answer 2

Albert Michelson and Edward Morley

Question 3

The laws of nature are independent of the state of motion of the frame of reference, as long as the latter is acceleration free.

Answer 3

Inertia

Question 4

Speed of light in free space is the only measure of space and time that is reliably constant from one observer to another; all else is relative.

Answer 4

Postulates of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity

Question 5

Formula that shows the relationship of mass, energy, and the speed of light

Answer 5

E = mc^2

Question 6

Proposed that under certain circumstances, light can be considered as consisting of particles (photoelectric effect)

Answer 6

Einstein

Question 7

The energy carried by any light particle; proportional to the frequency of radiation and is expressed in E = hf

Answer 7

Photon

Question 8

Units in which energy within a light beam are transferred

Answer 8

Quanta

Question 9

Einstein’s third paper that features what became known as the special theory of relativity

Answer 9

“On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”

Question 10

A postulate that gravitational fields are equivalent to accelerations of the frame of reference

Answer 10

Principle of Equivalence

Question 11

Published in 1916; states that interactions of bodies ascribed to gravitational forces are explained as the influence of bodies on geometry of a four-dimensional space (called space-time)

Answer 11

General Theory of Relativity

Question 12

A German physicist and Nobel laureate who was the originator of the quantum theory

Answer 12

Max Planck

Question 13

Discrete packets that introduced the particle nature of light

Answer 13

Quanta

Question 14

Value of Planck’s constant

Answer 14

h = 6.626 x 10^-34 Joule-second

Question 15

Characterized by a light hitting a metal makes the metal emit electrons

Answer 15

Photoelectric effect

Question 16

Theory that features the concepts of the uncertainty principle and wave-particle duality of light

Answer 16

Quantum Theory

Question 17

A French physicist and Nobel laureate who found that both matter and energy are composed of corpuscles (particles) and are moving in waves

Answer 17

Louis de Broglie

Question 18

A British physicist who has pioneer works on nuclear physics; theorized on the structure of the atom

Answer 18

Ernest Rutherford

Question 19

A very small location in which the positive charge of the atom must be concentrated into

Answer 19

Atomic nucleus

Question 20

Theorized on the atomic structure; his model made use of the quantum theory and Planck’s constant, positing that an atom emits electromagnetic radiation only when an electron in the atom jumps from one quantum level to another

Answer 20

Niels Bohr

Question 21

Solid Sphere model in 1803

Answer 21

John Dalton

Question 22

Plum Pudding model in 1904

Answer 22

J.J. Thomson

Question 23

Nuclear model in 1911

Answer 23

Ernest Rutherford

Question 24

Planetary model in 1913

Answer 24

Niels Bohr

Question 25

Quantum model in 1926

Answer 25

Erwin Schrodinger

Question 26

A German physicist who contributed to the development of quantum mechanics through his work in the uncertainty principle

Answer 26

Werner Karl Heisenberg

Question 27

States that the exact position and velocity of a particle cannot be both known at the same time

Answer 27

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

Question 28

The first version of quantum mechanics

Answer 28

Matrix mechanics

Question 29

Matrix mechanics predicted that molecular hydrogen should exist in two distinct forms:

Answer 29

Orthohydrogen and parahydrogen

Question 30

Property of an atom characterized by the kind of angular movement

Answer 30

Spin

Question 31

Holds that objects have certain pairs of complementary properties which cannot all be measured or observed

Answer 31

Niels Bohr’s complementarity principle

Question 32

Complementary properties by Bohr:

Answer 32

Position and momentum, wave and particle related properties, spin on different axes