Learning Guides 1 and 2 Flashcards
A Filipino story that states people came from Kawayan
Malakas and Maganda
Created myths to explain different elements of human life
Greeks
Collection of stories that explain the origins and lives of gods
Greek mythology
Greek poem that tells the story of the Trojan War
Homer’s Iliad
Story of the voyage of the hero Odysseus
Homer’s Odyssey
Describes the creation of man
Hesiod’s Works and Days
Oral telling of myths
Minoan and Mycenaean bards from the 18th century BCE onwards
A belief in one god; this God is said to have created everything
Monotheistic belief
The general theory of relativity conceptualized a static universe, but data, calculations, and observations have shown that the universe is not static but moving.
Static Universe Theory
A German-born American physicist who presented a theory on a static universe
Albert Einstein
A falsified truth making the theory of a static universe a “scientific myth”
The cosmological constant (c)
Holds that the universe is the same at all times and places
Concept of Continuous Creation (steady-state theory)
Proposed the steady-state theory
Hermann Bondi and Thomas Gold
The currently accepted explanation on the origin of the universe
The big bang theory
Introduced the geocentric view
Claudius Ptolemy (Ptolemy of Alexandria)
Usually denotes the shape of the Earth
spherical
Introduced the Heliocentric Model
Nicolaus Copernicus
States that the sun is located near the center of the universe (unmoving) with the planets orbiting around it
Heliocentric model
Credited by Copernicus as one of the proponents of the Heliocentric view
Aristarchus of Samos
It is where the heliocentric view was published.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
An author of The Civilizing Process who quoted some arguments on why geocentric model was accepted for a long time
Norbert Elias
According to the Coperncian theory, motions of heavenly bodies are:
the same, eternal, are in epicylces
The bodies that surround the Sun:
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Moon, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and fixed stars
Three motions of the Earth:
Annual revolution, tilting of its axis, and daily rotation
Motion of the planets that can be explained by the Earth’s motion
Retrograde motion
Medieval astronomer and mathematician; believed in the Geocentric view
Claudius Ptolemy
A major work about the geocentric model published by Ptolemy
The Almagest
Greek astronomer and mathematician; believed in the heliocentric view
Aristarchus of Samos
Renaissance astronomer and mathematician; believed in the heliocentric view
Nicolaus Copernicus
Major work of Nicolaus Copernicus
De Revolutionibus orbium coelestium - On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Two types of matter under the geocentric view
Earthly matter, metaphysical matter (unearthly matter)
Composed of earth, air, water, and fire prone to changes and deterioration
Earthly matter
Celestial bodies that are moving around the earth
Metaphysical matter
Characterized by all matters as one; “The physics of the universe is now the physics of earth” and vice versa
Heliocentric view
A German astronomer who was known for discovering the three laws of planetary motions
Johannes Kepler
A Danish astronomer whom Kepler based his astronomical data to formulate and verify his laws
Tycho Brahe
To whom Kepler assumed Tycho’s position as imperial mathematician and astronomer
Roman Emperor, Rudolf II
The three laws of planetary motion:
The Laws of Orbits, the Law of Equal Areas, the Law of Periods
The first law of planetary motion states that the planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths, with the Sun as one focus of the ellipse.
The Law of Orbits
The second law states that areas covered by the planets are the same at equal intervals,
The Law of Equal Areas
Kepler’s third law states that the ratio of the cube of a planet’s mean distance (d) from the sun to the square of the orbital period (t) is a constant (d^3/t^2).
The Law of Periods
An Italian physicist and astronomer known as the “father of modern science”
Galileo Galilei
Where his observations of the cosmos where listed
The Starry Messenger
Observations found that are in The Starry Messenger
Sun spots, “mountains and valleys” in the moon, phases of Venus, satelites of Jupiter
How motion occurs without defining the forces that control them
Kinematics
Time-squared law; shows that a distance travelled in free fall is proportional to he squared of the time it takes to travel
Law of falling bodies
Projectiles are composed of two independent motions: vertical and horizontal components. The horizontal component (uniform motion), vertical (uniformly accelerated motion)
Motions of projectiles
Galileo believed that an object moving in a uniform motion on Earth’s surface would continue to move without any force to keep it going, given that the object does not meet any resistance.
Inertia
They initiated the scientific revolution.
Galilei and Kepler
