Learning Guide #6 - Kinship, Marriage and Family Flashcards
- The relation between two or more persons that are based on common ancestry or marriage
- The most universal and basic of all human relationships and is based on ties of blood, marriage, or adoption
- one of the most important organizing components of society. From East to West or North to South you will find this everywhere in the society. This social institution ties individuals and groups together and establishes a relationship between them.
Kinship
What is kinship?
The relation between two or more persons that are based on common ancestry or marriage
12 importance of kinship?
- Assigns guidelines for interactions between persons. It defines a proper, acceptable role relationship between father-daughter, brother-sister, etc.
- determines family line relationships.
- decides who can marry whom and where marital relationships are taboo.
- helps us to determine the rights and obligations of the members in all the sacraments and religious practices starting from birth to death.
- maintains the solidarity of relationships.
- In rural and tribal society’s kinship or kinship relations determine the rights and obligations of the family and marriage, a system of production, and political power.
- Kinship through its different usages regulates the behavior of different kin
- helps in (through kinship terms) designating kin of various types such as classificatory and descriptive.
- through its usages creates special groupings of kin.
- rules govern the role of relationships among kins.
- acts as a regulator of social life
- influences ownership of land, the concept of wealth, and the system of production and its use.
2 types of kinship
BLOOD RELATIONSHIP or Consanguinty
MARRIAGE or Affinity
This kinship is based on blood—or birth: the relationship between parents and children as well as siblings, says the Sociology Group. This is the most basic and universal type of kinship. Also known as a primary kinship, it involves people who are directly related.
BLOOD RELATIONSHIP or Consanguinty
This kinship is based on ______. The relationship between husband and wife is also considered a basic form of kinship.
MARRIAGE or Affinity
On the other hand, others say that there is a third category of kinship that involves _____.
social ties
Who defined social ties?
Schneider
A major difference between consanguineal or affinal and social kinship is that the latter involves “the ability to terminate absolutely the relationship” without any legal recourse, Schneider stated in his 1984 book,
“A Critique of the Study of Kinship.”
What is Social ties?
There are also social kinships, where individuals not connected by birth or marriage may still have a bond of kinship, he said. By this definition, two people who live in different communities may share a bond of kinship through a religious affiliation or a social group, such as the Kiwanis or Rotary service club, or within a rural or tribal society marked by close ties among its members. A major difference between consanguineal or affinal and social kinship is that the latter involves “the ability to terminate absolutely the relationship” without any legal recourse, Schneider stated in his 1984 book, “A Critique of the Study of Kinship.”
(god parenthood) is an important feature of Philippines family life
Compadrazgo
Non-relatives are accepted into families as godfathers
padrinos
Non-relatives are accepted into families as godmothers
madrinas
Degree of kinship
Primary kin
Secondary kin
Tertiary kin
based on direct relations. Individuals or people that are directly related are said to be primary in nature.
Primary kinship
kin refers to that kin that is directly related to each other by birth. For instance association with or amongst parents and children and among siblings.
Primary consanguineal kinship
the relation that takes place with marriage is said to be _____. The direct _____ is the husband-wife relationship.
Primary Affinal kinship
it means relations that come through primary kinship are said to be _____.
Secondary kinship
This kind of kin refers to primary consanguineal kinship. The basic example of _____ kinship would be the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren.
Secondary Consanguineal kinship:
This kind of kinship refers to primary affinal kinship primary kinship. For example, Anita’s husband is her primary affinal kinship and for Anita’s husband, her parents and siblings are his primary kin. Therefore means the relationship between Anita and her sister-in-law/brother-in-law or parents-in-law and vice versa is said to be Secondary Affinal kinship. Also, your sibling’s spouse and his/her parents-in-law will be his secondary affinal kinship.
Secondary Affinal kinship
is the secondary kinship of our primary kin or primary kin of our secondary kinship. For example, the wife of our brother-in-law would be related to us as _____.
Tertiary kinship
An example of _____ would be our primary consanguineal kins (i.e. our parents) primary kins (i.e. our parents’ parents meaning our grandparents) primary kins. (i.e. our grandparents’ parents)
tertiary consanguineal kinship
It means primary affinal kins primary kin or secondary affinal primary kin or primary affinal kins secondary kin. For example, our spouse’s grandparents or grand uncles and aunties.
Tertiary Affinal kinship
the socially existing recognized biological relationships between people in society. Every society looks at the fact that all offspring and children _____ from their parents and that biological relationships exist between parents and children. The _____ is used to trace an individual’s ancestry.
descent
TYPES OF RELATIONSHIP ACCORDING TO DESCENT
PATRILINEAL (or agnatic)
MATRILINEAL (or uxorial)
BILATERAL
systems, in which the relationships reckoned through the father are emphasized.
PATRILINEAL (or agnatic)
systems, in which the relationships reckoned through the mother are emphasized.
MATRILINEAL (or uxorial)
method of tracing the lineage of children equally through the ancestors of both mother and father.
BILATERAL
Traces lineage exclusively through one side, either patrilineal or matrilineal
Unilineal Descent
Combines elements of both patrilineal and matrilineal descent systems.
Cognatic Descent
Refers to direct ancestry or descendants in a straight line.
Lineal Descent
Relations of descend according to authority
PATRIARCHAL
MATRIARCHAL
EQUALITARIAN
may be defined as the “rule of the father” Patriarchy, hypothetical social system in which the father or a male elder has absolute authority over the family group; by extension, one or more men (as in a council) exert absolute authority over the community as a whole.
Patriarchal
a hypothetical social system in which the mother or a female elder has absolute authority over the family group; by extension, one or more women (as in a council) exert a similar level of authority over the community as a whole.
Matriarchal
equal sharing of practical responsibilities in decision-making made by both men and women
EQUALITARIAN
is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman
a legally and socially sanctioned union, usually between a man and a woman, that is regulated by-laws, rules, customs, beliefs, and attitudes that prescribe the rights and duties of the partners and accords status to their offspring.
Marriage
The main legal function of marriage is to?
ensure the rights of the partners with respect to each other and to ensure the rights and define the relationships of children within a community
Basic forms of marriage
Monogamy
Polygamy
Polygyny
Polyandry
Group Marriage
the custom that allows a person to be legally married to only one spouse at one time.
Monogamy
marriage to more than one spouse at a time.
Polygamy
marriage in which two or more women share a husband.
Polygyny
Polygamy in which in which the cowives are sisters
Sororal polygyny
the marriage of a woman to two or more men at the same time; the term derives from the Greek polys, “many,” and anēr, Andros, “man.”
Polyandry
Greek word for many
Poly
Greek word for man
Andros
Polygamy in which in which the co-husbands are brothers
adelphic, or fraternal, polyandry
the marriage of several men with several women.
Group marriage
Specify where a person resides after marriage and, accordingly, influence the structure and size of household units
Post-marital residency rules
the marital partners are chosen by parents, community elders, matchmakers, or religious leaders in an effort to guide young people through the process of finding the right person to marry.
arranged marriage
_____ is a legal procedure which cancels a marriage. _____ a marriage is as though it is completely erased, legally, and it declares that the marriage never technically existed and was never valid.
annulment
legal dissolution of a marriage, is the ending of a valid marriage, returning both parties to single status with the ability to remarry. While each individual state has its own laws regarding grounds for marriage annulment or divorce, certain requirements apply nationwide.
divorce
The following is a list of common grounds for annulment and a short explanation of each point:
1 Bigamy
2 Forced consent
3 Fraud
4 Marriage prohibited by law
5 Mental illness
6 Mental incapacity
7 Inability to consummate marriage
8 Underage marriage
either party was already married to another person at the time of the marriage.
Bigamy
one of the spouses was forced or threatened into marriage and only entered into it under duress
Forced consent
one of the spouses agreed to the marriage based on the lies or misrepresentation of the other
Fraud
marriage between parties that based on their familial relationship is considered incestuous
Marriage Prohibited By Law
either spouse was mentally ill or emotionally disturbed at the time of the marriage
Mental illness
either spouse was under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time of the marriage and was unable to make informed consent
Mental Incapacity
either spouse was physically incapable of having sexual relations or impotent during the marriage
Inability to Consummate Marriage
either spouse was too young to enter into marriage without parental consent or court approval.
Underage Marriage
The major grounds for divorce that apply in every country, and the following are listed below:
Adultery
Desertion
Physical/Emotion Abuse
one or both spouses engages in extramarital relationships with others during the marriage
Adultery
one spouse abandons the other, physically and emotionally, for a lengthy period of time
Desertion
one spouse subjects the other to physical or violent attacks or emotional or psychological abuse such as abusive language, and threats of physical violence
Physical/Emotional Abuse
The different options on how to approach a divorce are:
Simplified Divorce
Uncontested Divorce
Contested divorce
is when both spouses do not have children, are not seeking alimony, and have no joint debts, assets, or liabilities. There is nothing that ties them as a married couple to each-other;
Simplified Divorce
A _____ is when both spouses agree that the marriage is broken, have no children, and agree on the division of property, assets, and debts;
Uncontested Divorce
is when there are one or more issues that are unresolved between the spouses. Issues can involve a disagreement on custody, alimony, property, or other marital issues.
Contested divorce
A legal separation is also termed as
Relative divorce
Relative divorce is also known as?
LEGAL SEPARATION
when a man and woman separate from bed and lodging but still married, and it is the first step toward divorce or a great way to allow each party to take a step back and really evaluate their feelings
Legal separation
Based on The Family Code of the Philippines, how the legal separation differs from the annulment of marriage?
In a legal separation, the marriage is not defective; in annulment, the marriage defect
In a legal separation, the grounds arise after marriage; in annulment, the grounds must exist at the time of or before the marriage
In a legal separation, the parties are still married to each other and cannot remarry; in annulment, the marriage is set aside and the parties can marry again.
What is separation?
Agreement between spouses to separate for a period of time
Can be judicially recognized
What is annulment
A court that declares a marriage invalid
Usually granted for marriage of short duration
Divorce
A court order that dissolves a marriage but recognizes that it existed
Easier to obtain than an annulment
Couple chooses to live with or near either family
Bilocal/ambilocal
a group of persons united by the ties of marriage, blood, or adoption, constituting a single household and interacting with each other in their respective social positions, usually those of spouses, parents, children, and siblings.
Family
2 types of family
Nuclear family
extended family
is, basic or elementary family, usually consisting of two-parent and their dependent children. Group of people who are united by ties of partnership and parenthood and consisting of a pair of adults and their socially recognized children.
Nuclear family
an expansion of the nuclear family It consists of the nuclear family and those people related to its members by blood ties. (parents and dependent children), usually built around a unilineal descent group (i.e., a group in which descent through either the female or the male line is emphasized). The relationships between members of the extended family are such that the form of address a person employs consists of an extension of nuclear family terms to a wider circle of relatives within the resident clan.
Extended family
What are the qualities of a strong Family?
Commitment
Appreciation and affection
Positive communication
Spiritual being
Ability to cope with stress and crisis
Where couples locate
Residence pattern
lives near husband’s origin
patrilocal
lives near wife’s origin
matrilocal
Lives or near under the husband’s maternal unle
avunculocal
Established their own household with no obligation or independence on either family
Neolocal
