Learning Disability Psychiatry

Question 1

Definition of a learning disability

Answer 1

• IQ <70
• Impairment in social and adaptive functioning
• Onset before 18 years of age

NB - After 18 the brain is mature and injuries affect it differently

Question 2

Psychometrics

Answer 2

• Around 2% of the population
• 75% mild
• 20% moderate
• 3-4% severe
• 1-2% profound

Question 3

Causes of learning disability

Answer 3

• Inherited (i.e. Down syndrome)
• Infective (antenatal - rubella, postnatal - meningitis, encephalitis)
• Traums (i.e. birth asphyxia, head trauma)

Question 4

Learning disability facts

Answer 4

• More common in males than females (60:40)
• Most live at home either with family or support
• 75% of people with autism have a LD
• Rates of mental illness are higher in those with LDs
  
  • Depression
  • Schizophrenia (x3)
  • Anxiety
  • Delirium and dementia (with earlier onset)
  • ADHD

Question 5

Challenging behaviour

Answer 5

• Can be a sign of underlying physical, mental or environmental problem
• Communication may be impaired (i.e. speech problems, autism)
  
  • Find best method of communication
  • Speak at their developmental level and pace
  • Use simple terms and short sentences
  • Sign language/symbols/pictures