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Psych > Learning Disability & child psych > Flashcards

Learning Disability & child psych Flashcards

1
Q

4 levels of intellectual disability? Difficulties with what at each level? Support?

A

Mild - academic tasks, problem solving (almost normal comprehension / speech)

Moderate - Markedly limited academic (reading,writing, time, money) with daily support needed for these
Reasonable comprehension / speech

Severe - Limited understanding of written language / money …
Extensive support required
Comprehension of simple speech /. Gestures

Profound - Extremely limited
May understand simple instructions

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2
Q

What level of of communication do you find in profound learning disability?

A

Pre verbal - no understanding of words and no speech

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3
Q

What is non verbal ability of communication

A

Understanding but no speech

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4
Q

What factors can influence communication ability?

A

Cognitive - memory / concentration

Anxiety - autism, social phobia, busy environments

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5
Q

People with autism have impairments in?

A

Social interactions / communication

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6
Q

Autism characteristic behaviour / interest? Reaction to sensory input?

A

Restricted repetitive patterns of behaviour interests / activities
Hyper/hypo reactivity / unusual interests to sensory aspects of the environment

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7
Q

Which type of Schitz do you see delusions and hallucinations?

A

Paranoid

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8
Q

Which schitz do you see disorganised speech behaviour (silly / shallow) and a flat / inappropriate affect?

A

Hebephrenic

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9
Q

Which schitz do you get psychomotor disturbance

A

Catatonic

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10
Q

Which schitz do the previous positive Sx get less marked -> prominent negative Sx ? What is it also called?

A

Residual

Post schizophrenic depression

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11
Q

What happens in simple schizophrenia ?

A

No delusions / hallucinations

Negative Sx gradually arise without an acute episode

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12
Q

There are a lot of DDs for schitz … name some

A 
Substance induced psychosis 
Psychosis due to medical condition 
Mood disorders 
Transient psychotic disorder 
Lack of sleep 
Delusional disorder 
Dementia + delusion 
PTSD 
Pervasive development disorder 
OCD 
Anxiety disorder 
Shared psychotic disorder 
Factitious disorder 
Hypochondriasis
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13
Q

What kinds of medical conditions could make them DDs of schitz ?

A

Disease - Injury, infection, tumour, post epileptic
Metabolic - increase Na / decreased Ca
Endocrine - hyperthyroid / Cushing

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14
Q

Why could anxiety disorder mimic schitz ?

A

Put uses ‘paranoia’ to describe over concern / social phobia

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15
Q

What is a shared psychotic disorder?

A

Close friends / relatives share delusional beliefs

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16
Q

What is factitious disorder

A

Sx faked to avoid responsibilities / maintain sick role

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17
Q

What are the core sx of ADHD and how long do they need to have been occurring for? What is the latest age of presentation usually? What else is needed for Diagnosis

A

> 6month
Short attention span, distractibility, overactivity, impulsivity
Present by age 7
Must occur in 2 settings Eg home and school

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18
Q

Management of ADHD in children

A

Parent training / education
Classroom behavioural interventions (trained teachers)
Methylphenidate / atomoxetine (NA reputable inhibitor)

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19
Q

What happens with ADHD in adults

A

Less hyperactive but learning difficulties persist

-> antisocial behaviour

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20
Q

What are conduct disorders? Eg?

A

Persistent, disruptive, deceptive and aggressive disorders

- truancy, disobedience, damage to property, fighting, stealing

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21
Q

What is associated with conduct disorder ?

A

Low self esteem

Hyperkinetic / ADHD, learning developmental disorder

22
Q

What is the difference between socialised conduct disorder and unsocialised?

A

Socialised - behaviours viewed as normal within peer group / family

Unsocialised - behaviours are solitary - with peer / parental recognition

23
Q

Management of conduct disorder

A

Group/ individual Parent training / education
Improve communication with child + understand emotions
Behaviour management principles
CBT

24
Q

Do people usually ‘grow out’ of antisocial behaviour in conduct disorder?

A

No - antisocial behaviour persists into adult life

25
Q

What is it called when children are persistently angry, defiant behaviours WITHOUT severe aggression / dissocial acts? What age?

A

Oppositional defiant disorder

Children <10

26
Q

What is non voluntary bladder emptying in children >5 ?

A

Enuresis

27
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary enuresis ?

A

2 - if there has been a period of urinary continence before

28
Q

Management of enuresis ?

A

Exclude physical pathology Eg UTI
Reward systems to reinforce success
Address excessive / insufficient fluid intake
Desmopressin / imipramine

29
Q

What class of drug is desmopressin / imipramine?

A

D - synthetic ADH

I - Tricyclic

30
Q

Usual age of onset of autism ?

Key features?

A

<3
Pervasive failure to make social relationships (/maintaining / understanding)
Major difficulties with verbal / nonverbal communication
Resistance to change with associated ritualistic behaviours

31
Q

Common other features of autism

A

Inappropriate attaché mental to unusual objects
Insistence on sameness
Stereotyped behaviours Eg rocking / twirling
Hypo/hyper reactivity to sensory input

32
Q

DD of autism

A

Learning disability
Deafness
Childhood schitz

33
Q

Associated conditions with autism

A

Tuberous sclerosis
Fragile x
Learning difficulties

34
Q

Management of autism

A

Education / to coping methods
Specialist intensive >25hrs / week behavioural treatments
->communication / cognitive skills
-> reward positive / redirect inappropriate behaviour

FAMILY SUPPORT IS CRUCIAL

35
Q

What is Asperger

A

Less severe pervasive developmental disorder (autism) with

  • later onset
  • normal intelligence / language
  • schitzoid personality

Common preoccupation with obscure facts

36
Q

Usual IQ in mild, moderate, severe and profound learning disabilities ?

A

50-70
35-49
20-34
<20

37
Q

Usual cause of mild learning disability ?

A

Limited social / learning opera unities + genetic low IQ

38
Q

Usual cause of more severe learning disabilities?

A

Specific biological cause

Eg - downs / fragile x

39
Q

Support required in mild learning disability

A

Live independently -> engage in some employment

Difficulty coping with stress / complex social of parenting / finance

40
Q

Common abnormalities in mild learning disability

A

6% have epilepsy

41
Q

Severe learning disability common abnormalities? Language?

A

Very limited language -> use makaton
35% have epilepsy
10% incontinent
15% cant walk

42
Q

Level of daily support with moderate learning disability?

A

Usually need to live in supported accommodation / with family

43
Q

Cause of downs? Risk factor?

A

Chromosome 21
95% - trisomy 5% - translocation (can be inherited)
Increased maternal age

44
Q

Signs of downs in a baby

A 
Flat occiput 
Oblique palpebral fissure 
Small mouth 
High arched palate 
Broad hands + single transverse palmar fissure
45
Q

Complications of downs

A 
15% mild learning difficulty -> rest have moderate / severe 
50% cardiac septal defects 
Alzheimer’s by age 50 
5% autistic traits 
Increased risk of hypothyroidism
46
Q

Cause of fragile x

A

X -linked dominant (women have behavioural problems and decreased learning abilities)

47
Q

Signs of fragile x

A

Large head / ears, poor eye contact, abnormal speech, hand flapping / biting
HYPERSENSITIVITY to stimuli (touch, auditory, visual )

48
Q

Complications of fragile x

A

Most males / 1/3 females have learning disability

33% have autism

49
Q

What complications can come from having a learning disability ?

A

Behavioural disturbance, depression, anxiety, schitz, mania, dissociative (amnesia
Psychological distress

50
Q

What can cause severe sociological distress in LD

A

Realising they may never gain full independence
Realising their parents may die before they do
Issues around sexuality

Psych (14 decks)

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