learning disabilities

Question 1

define learning disability

Answer 1

understanding new or complex information

learning new skills

coping independently

Question 2

classification of learning disability

Answer 2

mild
moderate
severe

Question 3

prenatal causes of learning disability

Answer 3

inherited (Fragile X)
smoker
alcohol
medication
chromocsomal abnormalitites – downs or tuner

Question 4

antenatal causes of learning disability

Answer 4

oxygen deprovation 
smoker
alcohol (foetal alcohol syndrome)
amniotic fluid test
infection
neglect

Question 5

postnatal causes of learning disability

Answer 5

– complications during birth resulting in lack of oxygen to the brain, very premature birth, meningitis, RTA, child abuse, early childhood seizures

Question 6

classification of learning disability

Answer 6

Mild Learning Disability - IQ 50-69
• 89% of all people with LD
Moderate Learning Disability - IQ 35-49
• 6% of all people with a Learning Disability
Severe Learning Disability IQ 20-34
• 3.5% of all people with a Learning Disability

Question 7

features of mild learning disability

Answer 7

Delayed, but everyday speech usual

reasonable comprehension

Fully independent in washing, eating, dressing. Normal continence.

Question 8

psych disorders common in LD

Answer 8

anxiety
depression
autism
schizophrenia

Question 9

when to use psychotropic medication

Answer 9

psychological or other interventions alone do not produce change within an agreed time or
treatment for any coexisting mental or physical health problem has not led to a reduction in
the behaviour or
the risk to the person or others is very severe (for example, because of violence, aggression or
self-injury

Question 10

common causes of lD

Answer 10

Congenital
Trisomy 21, 22q11.2 deletion, FMR1 (CGG)

Acquired
Teratogens, hypoxic brain injury

Idiopathic

Question 11

common problems seen in LD

Answer 11

Constipation
Dental Problems
Respiratory tract infections
Epilepsy
Mobility
Diabetes/metabolic
Swallowing problems
Medication side effects

Question 12

what is death by indifference

Answer 12

which reported the
appalling deaths of six people with a learning disability – deaths that the six families
involved and Mencap believe were the result of failings in the NHS.

Question 13

barriers to effective communication

Answer 13

Lower IQ

Limited language ability

Sensory deficit

Specific speech deficit

Inattention

Emotional dysregulation

Psychiatric comorbidity

Environmental factors

Question 14

strategies to overcome effective communication

Answer 14

Reasonable adjustments

Short and to the point

Offer choices

Individualised communication plan

Establish a baseline