Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry > Learning disabilities > Flashcards

Learning disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

What is a learning disability?

A

Globally impaired cognition. Present from childhood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a learning difficulty?

A

Impaired cognition in one area. Eg. Dyslexia, dyscalculia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is a learning disability present from?

A

Childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the five severities of learning disability?

A 
Borderline
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Profound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What IQs define the five severities of learning disability?

A 
Borderline- 70
Mild- 50-69
Moderate- 35-49
Severe- 20-34
Profound- <20
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What mental ages do the five severities of learning disability reach?

A 
Borderline- 12-15
Mild- 9-12
Moderate- 6-9
Severe- 3-6
Profound- <3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does a mild LD tend to present?

A

Delayed speech
Difficulties reading and writing
Generally independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does a moderate LD tend to present?

A 
Slow with Comprehension and Language
Limited Achievements
Delayed Self care and Motor Skills
Simple Practical Tasks - Often with Supervision
Usually Fully Mobile - Physically Active
Discrepant profiles
Majority Organic Aetiology
Epilepsy &amp; Physical Disability common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does severe LD tend to present?

A

Unlikely to be verbal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is LD diagnosed?

A

Clinical findings- History, genetic conditions, behaviour

Psychometric testing- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What stages of life can LD occur in?

A

Prenatal
Antenatal
Perinatal
Postnatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What prenatal things can cause LD?

A

Chromosomal imbalance

Genetic conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What chromosomal imbalances can cause LD?

A 
21- Down's Syndrome
18- Edward's Syndrome
15- Angelman (maternal) and Prader-Willi (paternal)
13- Patau Syndrome
XO- Turner's Syndrome
XXX- Triple X
XXY- Kleinfleter's Syndrome
XYY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does Angelman’s present?

A

Ataxia

Paroxysms of laughter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does Prader-Willi present?

A

Overeating

Self injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What genetic conditions can cause LD?

A

Tuberous sclerosis
Congenital hypothyroidism
Lesch nyhan syndrome (x-linked)
Micro structure defects: Protein (phenylketonuria), Carb (mucopolysaccharidoses), Fat (neurolipidoses)

17
Q

What antenatal factors can cause LD?

A

Maternal infections (CMV, rubella, toxoplasmosis)
Poor diet
Drug use
Alcohol (fetal alcohol syndrome)

18
Q

What perinatal factors can cause LD?

A

Birth trauma
Anoxia
Respiratory distress
Extreme prematurity

19
Q

What postnatal factors can cause LD?

A

Infection
Head injury
Congenital hypothyroidism

20
Q

What conditions can be associated with LD?

A

Schizophrenia
Depression
Bipolar
Autism Spectrum Disorders

21
Q

What are the O’Brien Principles of LD?

A

Learning disabled people will continue to grow and develop given an appropriate environment

Learning disabled people are worthy of all the dignity and rights of any citizen

Concept of learning through risk taking and the avoidance of over-protection

The availability of everyday, normal conditions of life

The availability of generic environments and services

22
Q

Why can it be difficult to diagnose medical conditions in those with LD?

A

Because they may not be able to express the symptoms
Because symptoms may be taken as part of LD
May be told not a problem and take it as red

23
Q

What is a differential for paranoid psychosis in LD?

A

Unable to interpret reality correctly

24
Q

How can you support people with LD?

A 
Therapeutic environment
Psychoeducation
Communication- Hearing aids, glasses, Pictorial
Behavioural
Cognitive
25
Q

What areas can be targeted for behavioural changes in LD?

A

Teach/improve basic skills
Establish normal patterns
Relaxation techniques
Assertiveness training

26
Q

What areas can be targeted for cognitive changes in LD?

A

Problem solving skills
Offending behaviour
Anxiety and depression

27
Q

What is pharma treatment used for in LD?

A

Associated conditions

28
Q

What conditions are antipsychotics used for?

A

Psychosis
Behavioural disturbance
Autism

29
Q

What conditions are antidepressants used for?

A

Depression
Anxiety disorders
Self injury
Autism

30
Q

What condition are stimulants used for?

A

ADHD

31
Q

What conditions are anticonvulsants used for?

A

Bipolar affective disorder

Episodic dyscontrol

32
Q

How can schizophrenia present in LD?

A

Unexplained aggression, bizarre behaviour, social withdrawal, mood lability, increased mannerisms or stereotypies

33
Q

How can autism present in LD?

A

Abnormal social interaction
Communication impairment
Rigid/restricted or repetitive behaviour, interests and activities

Psychiatry (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions