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INTROPSY : LEARNING > LEARNING : CLASSICAL & OPERANT CONDITIONING > Flashcards

LEARNING : CLASSICAL & OPERANT CONDITIONING Flashcards

1
Q

any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice

A

learning

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2
Q

any kind of change in the way an organism behaves

A

learning

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3
Q

when ___ anything, some part of the brain is physically changed to record what they have learned

A

learning

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4
Q

Russian Physiologist who discovered classical conditioning through his work digestion in dogs

A

Ivan Pavlov

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5
Q

person who studies the working of the body

A

Physiologist

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6
Q

learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex

A

Classical Conditioning

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7
Q

LEARNING TO ELICIT AN INVOLUNTARY, REFLEX-LIKE, RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS OTHER THAN THE ORIGINAL, NATURAL STIMULUS THAT NORMALLY PRODUCES THE RESPONSE

A

Classical Conditioning

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8
Q

Learning = Association/Cues

A

Classical Conditioning

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9
Q

naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response

A

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

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10
Q

means “unlearned” or “naturally occurring”

A

Unconditioned

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11
Q

involuntary response to a naturally occurring or unconditioned stimulus

A

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

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12
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) & Unconditioned Response (UCR)

A

Concept of Classical Conditioning which is (naturally occuring relationship | cause & effect)

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13
Q

stimulus that becomes able too produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus

A

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

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14
Q

means “learned”

A

Conditioned

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15
Q

can become a conditioned stimulus when paired with an unconditioned stimulus

A

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

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16
Q

learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus

A

Conditioned Response (CR)

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17
Q

sometimes called a conditioned reflex

A

Conditioned Response (CR)

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18
Q

explained trauma response and phobia

A

Classical Conditioning

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19
Q

repeated pairing of the NS and UCS; organism is in the process of acquiring learning

A

Acquisition

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20
Q

CS must come before UCS

A

Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning

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21
Q

CS and UCS must come close together in time (several seconds apart)

A

Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning

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22
Q

NS must be paired with the UCS several times, often times before conditioning take place

A

Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning

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23
Q

if you want your response to be the same with another stimulus ensure that they always occur together

A

Acquisition

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24
Q

stimulus that is distinctive or stands out from other competing stimuli

A

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

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25
Q

tendency to respond to a stimulus that’s only similar to the original CS with the CR

A

Stimulus Generalization

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26
Q

tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that’s similar to the original CS, bec the similar stimulus is never paired w/ the UCS

A

Stimulus Discrimination

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27
Q

use in therapy for trauma response

A

Stimulus Discrimination

28
Q

disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the UCS (in classical conditioning) or the removal of reinforcer (operant conditioning)

A

extinction

29
Q

reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occured

A

Spontaneous Recovery

30
Q

relatively permanent change in behavior

A

Learning

31
Q

emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur to learned stimuli

A

Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)

32
Q

may lead to phobias

A

Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)

33
Q

irrational fear responses

A

Phobia

34
Q

classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person

A

Vicarious Conditioning

35
Q

development of a nausea or aversive response to a particular taste since that taste was followed by a nausea reaction

A

Conditioned taste aversion

36
Q

occurs after only one association

A

Conditioned taste aversion

37
Q

happening on other people

A

Vicarious

38
Q

you’re being conditioned just by watching the reaction of another person

A

Vicarious Conditioning

39
Q

How social media conditioned you

A

Vicarious Conditioning

40
Q

tendency of animals to learn certain associations such as taste and nausea with only one/few pairings due to the survival value of the learning

A

Biological Preparedness

41
Q

explains why we like or don’t like certain flavors

A

Biological Preparedness

42
Q

original theory, Pavlov stated, classical conditioning occurred bec the CS became a substitute for the UCS by being paired closely together

A

Stimulus substitution

43
Q

allows the brain to create a pattern (association/pairings)

A

Classical Conditioning

44
Q

what the brain hates the most

A

Unpredictability

45
Q

unpredictability of things creates a ?

A

cognitive distortion

46
Q

thinking of nonconnected/wrong things and making sense/pattern out of it

A

Cognitive distortion

47
Q

modern theory, classical conditionng is seen to occur since the CS gives information or an expectancy/predictability about the coming of the UCS

A

Cognitive Perspective

48
Q

learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses

A

Operant Conditioning

49
Q

simply about reward and punishment

A

Operant Conditioning

50
Q

if a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence = repeated

A

Thorndike’s law of effect

51
Q

if a response is followed by a unpleasant consequence = not repeated

A

Thorndike’s law of effect

52
Q

a behaviorist, wanted to study only the observable,measurable behavior

A

Skinner

53
Q

gave “Operant Conditioning” its name

A

Skinner

54
Q

learning depends on what happens after the response/consequence

A

Operant Conditioning (Skinner)

55
Q

any behavior that is voluntary

A

operant

56
Q

Law of Effect (Operant Conditioning)

A

Thorndike

57
Q

Changes in height or the size of the brain are controlled by a genetic blueprint.

A

MATURATION

58
Q

Changes due to biology and not experience

A

MATURATION

59
Q

Child learn to walk because of the nervous system, muscle strength and sense of balance all these factors are controlled by?

A

MATURATION

60
Q

UNLEARNED AND OCCURS BECAUSE OF GENETIC WIRING IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE

61
Q

response to a stimulus that
is similar to the original CS

A

Stimulus generalization:

62
Q

response to different stimuli
in different ways

A

Stimulus discrimination:

63
Q

presentation of the CS in the absence of
the UCS leads to a reduction in the CR

A

Extinction

64
Q

the reappearance of a
previously extinguished CR

A

Spontaneous recovery

65
Q

occurs when strong CS is
paired with a new neutral stimulus; a new previously
neutral stimulus becomes a second CS

A

Higher-order conditioning

66
Q

ONE OF THE FIRST RESEARCHERS TO EXPLORE AND ATTEMPT TO OUTLINE THE LAWS OF LEARNING VOLUNTARY RESPONSES (OPERANT CONDITIONING)

A

EDWARD L THORNDIKE

67
Q

DEVELOPED LAW OF EFFECT

A

EDWARD L. THORNDIKE

INTROPSY : LEARNING (3 decks)

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