LEARNING : CLASSICAL & OPERANT CONDITIONING Flashcards
any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice
learning
any kind of change in the way an organism behaves
learning
when ___ anything, some part of the brain is physically changed to record what they have learned
learning
Russian Physiologist who discovered classical conditioning through his work digestion in dogs
Ivan Pavlov
person who studies the working of the body
Physiologist
learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex
Classical Conditioning
LEARNING TO ELICIT AN INVOLUNTARY, REFLEX-LIKE, RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS OTHER THAN THE ORIGINAL, NATURAL STIMULUS THAT NORMALLY PRODUCES THE RESPONSE
Classical Conditioning
Learning = Association/Cues
Classical Conditioning
naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
means “unlearned” or “naturally occurring”
Unconditioned
involuntary response to a naturally occurring or unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) & Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Concept of Classical Conditioning which is (naturally occuring relationship | cause & effect)
stimulus that becomes able too produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
means “learned”
Conditioned
can become a conditioned stimulus when paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus
Conditioned Response (CR)
sometimes called a conditioned reflex
Conditioned Response (CR)
explained trauma response and phobia
Classical Conditioning
repeated pairing of the NS and UCS; organism is in the process of acquiring learning
Acquisition
CS must come before UCS
Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning
CS and UCS must come close together in time (several seconds apart)
Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning
NS must be paired with the UCS several times, often times before conditioning take place
Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning
if you want your response to be the same with another stimulus ensure that they always occur together
Acquisition
stimulus that is distinctive or stands out from other competing stimuli
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
tendency to respond to a stimulus that’s only similar to the original CS with the CR
Stimulus Generalization
tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that’s similar to the original CS, bec the similar stimulus is never paired w/ the UCS
Stimulus Discrimination
use in therapy for trauma response
Stimulus Discrimination
disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the UCS (in classical conditioning) or the removal of reinforcer (operant conditioning)
extinction
reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occured
Spontaneous Recovery
relatively permanent change in behavior
Learning
emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur to learned stimuli
Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)
may lead to phobias
Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)
irrational fear responses
Phobia
classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person
Vicarious Conditioning
development of a nausea or aversive response to a particular taste since that taste was followed by a nausea reaction
Conditioned taste aversion
occurs after only one association
Conditioned taste aversion
happening on other people
Vicarious
you’re being conditioned just by watching the reaction of another person
Vicarious Conditioning
How social media conditioned you
Vicarious Conditioning
tendency of animals to learn certain associations such as taste and nausea with only one/few pairings due to the survival value of the learning
Biological Preparedness
explains why we like or don’t like certain flavors
Biological Preparedness
original theory, Pavlov stated, classical conditioning occurred bec the CS became a substitute for the UCS by being paired closely together
Stimulus substitution
allows the brain to create a pattern (association/pairings)
Classical Conditioning
what the brain hates the most
Unpredictability
unpredictability of things creates a ?
cognitive distortion
thinking of nonconnected/wrong things and making sense/pattern out of it
Cognitive distortion
modern theory, classical conditionng is seen to occur since the CS gives information or an expectancy/predictability about the coming of the UCS
Cognitive Perspective
learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses
Operant Conditioning
simply about reward and punishment
Operant Conditioning
if a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence = repeated
Thorndike’s law of effect
if a response is followed by a unpleasant consequence = not repeated
Thorndike’s law of effect
a behaviorist, wanted to study only the observable,measurable behavior
Skinner
gave “Operant Conditioning” its name
Skinner
learning depends on what happens after the response/consequence
Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
any behavior that is voluntary
operant
Law of Effect (Operant Conditioning)
Thorndike
Changes in height or the size of the brain are controlled by a genetic blueprint.
MATURATION
Changes due to biology and not experience
MATURATION
Child learn to walk because of the nervous system, muscle strength and sense of balance all these factors are controlled by?
MATURATION
UNLEARNED AND OCCURS BECAUSE OF GENETIC WIRING IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE
response to a stimulus that
is similar to the original CS
Stimulus generalization:
response to different stimuli
in different ways
Stimulus discrimination:
presentation of the CS in the absence of
the UCS leads to a reduction in the CR
Extinction
the reappearance of a
previously extinguished CR
Spontaneous recovery
occurs when strong CS is
paired with a new neutral stimulus; a new previously
neutral stimulus becomes a second CS
Higher-order conditioning
ONE OF THE FIRST RESEARCHERS TO EXPLORE AND ATTEMPT TO OUTLINE THE LAWS OF LEARNING VOLUNTARY RESPONSES (OPERANT CONDITIONING)
EDWARD L THORNDIKE
DEVELOPED LAW OF EFFECT
EDWARD L. THORNDIKE
