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INTROPSY : LEARNING > INTROPSY - REINFORCEMENT & PUNISHMENT (OPERANT CONDITIONING) > Flashcards

INTROPSY - REINFORCEMENT & PUNISHMENT (OPERANT CONDITIONING) Flashcards

1
Q

any event or stimulus that when following a response, increases the probability that the response will occur again

A

Reinforcement

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2
Q

reinforcer that naturally reinforcing by meeting a basic biological need, (hunger,thirst,touch)

A

Primary Reinforcer

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3
Q

reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer (praise,token,gold stars), somehow applying classical conditioning

A

Secondary Reinforcer

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4
Q

a term used in Operant Conditioning for reward

A

Reinforcement

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5
Q

money = you can buy your needs, this is a example of what reinforcer?

A

Secondary Reinforcer

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6
Q

reinforcement of a response by the addition or experience of a pleasurable stimulus

A

Positive Reinforcement

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7
Q

reinforcement of a response by the removal, escape from or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus

A

Negative Reinforcement

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8
Q

when do you give the reward after this person/animal did the behavior

A

Schedules of Reinforcement

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9
Q

response that’s reinforced after some, but not all correct responses tends to be very resistant to extinction | when you’re doing something good but not being rewarded everytime

A

Partial Reinforcement Effect

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10
Q

reinforcement of each and every correct response

A

Continuous Reinforcement

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11
Q

interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is always the same (every 15 minutes of exercise = reward)

A

Fixed interval schedule

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12
Q

interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is diffent for each trial or event (15 minutes of exercise = reward or no reward, not fixed time)

A

Variable interval schedule

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13
Q

number of responses required for reinforcemnt is always the same | consistent reward after number constant number of good things you have done

A

Fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement

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14
Q

schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses required for reinforcement is different each trial or event | unpredictable reward

A

Variable ratio schedule of reinforcement

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15
Q

represents the concept of reinforcemnt, one of Skinner’s major contributions to behaviorism

A

what’s in it for me

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16
Q

means “to strengthen” and defined it as anything that when following a response, causes that response to be more likely to happen again

A

Reinforcement

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17
Q

a consequence that in some way pleasureable to the organism, which relates to Thorndike’s law effect

A

Reinforcement

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18
Q

what fulfill a basic needs such as food(hunger drive), liquid(thirst drive), touch(pleasure drive)

A

Primary Reinforcer

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19
Q

can be a primary reinforcer and fills a basic need when remove

A

painful stimulus | removal of painful stimulus | freedom from pain

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20
Q

a behavior that is not only more difficult to suppress but also more like real life

A

partially reinforced behavior

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21
Q

people tend to receive this rather tha continuous reinforcement for their work

A

Partial Reinforcement

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22
Q

opposite of reinforcement

A

punishment

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23
Q

any event or stimulus that when following a response, causes that respoonse to be less likely to happen again

A

punishment

24
Q

weakens responses

A

punishment

25
Q

strengthens responses

A

Reinforcement (positive or negative)

26
Q
  1. PUNISHMENT BY APPLICATION 2. PUNISHMENT BY REMOVAL
A

2 kiinds of punishment

27
Q
  1. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT 2. NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
A

2 KINDS OF REINFORCEMENT

28
Q

OCCURS WHEN SOMETHING UNPLEASANT IS ADDED TO THE SITUATION/APPLIED (SPANKING, SCOLDING, UNPLEASANT STIMULUS)

A

PUNISHMENT BY APPLICATION

29
Q

A KIND OF PUNISHMENT MOST PEOPLE WOULD THINK OF

A

PUNISHMENT BY APPLICATION

30
Q

A KIND OF PUNISHMENT THAT MANY CHILD DEVELOPMENT SPECIALISTS RECOMMEND PARENT TO AVOID USING AS IT CAN EASILY ESCALATE INTO ABUSE (PHYSICAL OR EMOTIONAL)

A

PUNISHMENT BY APPLICATION

31
Q

Spanking might be physically harmless if its only 2-3 swats with a HAND but if done in anger or w/a belt or other instruemnt, it becomes abusse (physical or emotional)

A

PUNISHMENT BY APPLICATION

32
Q

KIND OF PUNISHMENT MOST OFTEN CONFUSED W/ NEGATIVE REINFORCEMNT

A

PUNISHMENT BY REMOVAL

33
Q

BEHAVIOR IS PUNISHED BY THE REMOVAL OF SOMETHING PLEASURABLE OR DESIRED AFTER THE BEHAVIOR OCCURS

A

PUNISHMENT BY REMOVAL

34
Q

“GROUNDING”TEENAGERS IS REMOVING THE FREEDOM, WHAT PUNISHMENT?

A

PUNISHMENT BY REMOVAL

35
Q

IMMEDIATELY STOPPING DANGEROUS BEHAVIOR AND HAS TOO MANY DRAWBACKS TO BE REALLY USEFUL AND SHOULD BE DISCOURAGED

A

SEVERE PUNISHMENT

36
Q

MAY CAUSE CHILD/ANIMAL TO AVOID THE PUNISHER INSTEAD OF THE BEHAVIOR BEING PUNISHED = CHILD/ANIMAL LEARNS THE WROOG RESPONSE

A

SEVERE PUNISHMENT

37
Q

ENCOURAGE LYING TO AVOID PUNISHMENT

A

SEVERE PUNISHMENT

38
Q

CREATES FEAR AND ANXIETY, EMOTIONAL RESPONSES THAT DON’T PROMOTE LEARNING

A

SEVERE PUNISHMENT

39
Q

IF THE POINT IS TO TEACH SOMETHING THIS KIND OF CONSEQUENCE ISN’T GOING TO HELP

A

PUNISHMENT/SEVERE PUNISHMENT

40
Q

PROVIDES A SUCCESSFUL MODEL FOR AGGRESSION

A

HITTING

41
Q
  1. PUNISHMENT SHOULD IMMEDIATELY FOLLOW THE BEHAVIOR ITS MEANT TO PUNISH
A

HOW TO MAKE PUNISHMENT EFFECTIVE

42
Q
  1. PUNISHMENT SHOULD BE CONSISTENT (MUST FOLLOW THROUGH TO WHAT THE PUNISHER SAID AND SAME INTENSITY/INCREASE SLIGHTLY BUT NEVER DECREASE)
A

HOW TO MAKE PUNISHMENT EFFECTIVE

43
Q
  1. PUNISHMENT OF THE WRONG BEHAVIOR SHOULD BE PAIRED POSSIBLE WITH REINFORCEMENT OF THE RIGHT BEHAVIOR
A

HOW TO MAKE PUNISHMENT EFFECTIVE

44
Q

MORE COMPLEX TRICKS ARE A PROCESS IN OPERANT CONDITIONING CALLED ___ IN WHICH SMALL STEPS TOWWARD SOME ULTIMATE GOAL ARE REINFORCED UNTIL THE GOAL ITSELF IS REACHED

A

SHAPING

45
Q

BOTH USED TO ANIMALS IN CIRCUS TO PERFORM A TRICKS

A

CLASSICAL AND OPERANT

46
Q

IN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING INVOLVES THE REMOVAL OF THE UCS THAT EVENTUALLY ACTS AS A REINFORCER OF THE CS-CR BOND

A

EXTINCTION IN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

47
Q

IN OPERANT CONDITIONING IVOLVES THE REMOVAL OF THE REINFORCEMENT

A

EXTINCTION IN OPERANT CONDITIONING

48
Q

THE RECURRENCE OF A CONDITIONED RESPONSE AFTER EXTINCTION THAT HAPPENED BOTH IN CLASSICAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING

A

SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY

49
Q

a biological stimulus
causing involuntary reflexes

A

Primary reinforcer

50
Q

a conditioned stimulus causing
learned behavior.

A

secondary reinforcer.

51
Q

process that strengthens the likelihood of a
particular response by adding a stimulus after
the behavior is performed.

A

Positive reinforcement

52
Q

strengthens the likelihood of
a particular response, but by removing an
undesirable consequence.

A

Negative
reinforcement

53
Q

the reappearance,
after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned
response.

A

Spontaneous recovery

54
Q

tendency to
respond to stimuli that are similar to the
conditioned stimulus.

A

Generalization

55
Q

that extinction in operant
conditioning involves the removal of the

A

reinforcement.

INTROPSY : LEARNING (3 decks)

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