Learning: Classical Conditioning Flashcards
Learning
a relatively permanent change in behavior or mental process resulting from practice or experience; NOT PLASTICITY OR MATURATION
3 Groupings of Learning
Classical/Pavlovian Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and Observational Learning
Classical Conditioning
“associations between two stimuli”; a learning process in which two stimuli become associated and cause a change in behavior
passive, things just happen/are presented to them
Example: thunder and lightning, follow each other
Explanation of Process of Classical Conditioning
Two stimuli are paired together to create a response for stimuli one
(stimuli one being neutral with no response, and stimuli two is meaningful - hidonic value, stimuli causes pleasure or pain - with a response)
Ivan Pavlov
scientist that systematically studied how we form associations between stimuli(classical conditioning)
not a psychologist, studied digestive systems in dogs
Example of Ivan Pavlov Classical Conditioning
While feeding dogs, stimuli one of a bell being rung and stimuli two of food being served together creates a result of salivation in the dogs when the bell is rung
Four Points in Pavlov’s Experiment
Conditioned Stimulus: Stimulus that starts out neutral(bell)
Unconditioned Stimulus: meaningful stimulus(Food)
Unconditioned Response: innate response to meaningful stimulus, born with(Salivation to food)
Conditioned Response: learned response to previously neutral stimulus(Salivation to bell)
Name the CS, US, UR, and CR of the situation given:
A rat is placed in a box. A tone is played, followed immediately by an electric shock. The rat jumps and squeals in response to the electric shock. The next day, the rat is placed in the box and just the tone is played. In response, the rat freezes in fear.
CS: The tone being played(before a shock)
US: an electric shock
UR: the rat jumping and squeals in response to electric shock
CR: The rat frozen in fear from the tone being played
Study Charts given on Slides and Explain back to self
- What is the relation between the stimuli?
- How does it change over time? When stimuli changes?
- What is Spontaneous Recovery?
Stimulus Generalization
stimuli that are similar to the CS will also elicit the conditioned response to some degree
Example: A baby conditioned to be scared of a white rate associated with loud, scary noises is now scared of similar things(like other white, fluffy things)
Are we born with our fears or do we acquire them through experience?
Innate: relfelxive responses to stimuli
learned: feelings of fear to stimuli, acquire through own experience or other’s experience
Phobias
irrational, extreme fears; maybe we acquire them through classical conditioning experiences as well
Example: reflected in white rat and baby experiment; if acquired through this condition it can be extinguished
If we acquire phobias through classical conditioning, then how might we get rid of a phobia?
Extinction training, Systematic desensitization(slowly introducing fear), and flooding(fully exposed to the fear over and over again until little to no fear)
Example of Systematic desensitization
An individual with phobia of bees is slowly introduced to them by a container of fake bees- getting closer and closer to the individual- that is changed to real bees over time; then around real bees outside of container
Example of Flooding
An individual with a fear of rollercoasters rides one over and over again until faced with the outcome of little to no fear
