Cognition:Intelligence Flashcards
Intelligence
general capacity to benefit from experience, to acquire knowledge, and adapt to changes in the environment
HYPOTHETICAL construct that is defined by tests used to measure it and the culture in which it exists
Alfred Binet
Looking for way to broadly define intelligence; French psychologist who invented the first intelligence test; Asked to do this by government for children entering school To pinpoint students with delays that needed more aid than others
For those who could not learn readily as others so they could get remedial education; Had groups of questions for certain ages that they should be able to answer; When children started to miss around 3 questions in a row, mark their mental age and see how it lines up with their physical age
Considered more intelligent if answering questions higher than physical age; Series of questions that got progressively more difficult, tested mental age and compared to chronological age
Intelligecne Quotient
Mental age divided by chronological age, then multiplied by 100; 100 is average
o IQ = MA/CA x 100
Wechsler Tests
Developed different IQ tests specifically for adults and children; Has verbal score and performance(nonverbal) score and an IQ score; Good to know for student struggling when lacking in one area(like verbal score), could signal to learning disability
Individual differences in IQ
Developmentally Delayed, Gifted
Developmentally delayed
behavioral and cognitive skills are at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same age; Some can catch up, some cannot
Gifted
behavioral and cognitive skills that are more than 2 standard deviations above the mean(IQ above 130)
Dr. Spearman
Believed there was general knowledge and some did this easier than others;G factor(general intelligence, ability to reason and problem solve); S factor(specific intelligence, special gift in particular areas)
Some people can manipulate things better than others, like packing a car
* Example: kid could manipulate board game of blockus and chess that is four against and adult
Sternberg
Believed there were three different types of intelligence; Triarchic theory of intelligence
Triarchic theory or intelligence
Analytical: Books, videos, classes
Creative: Think outside the box, novel solutions
Practical: Learn readily by doing things hands on, Street smarts, Just go out there and do it
Example: playing a board game, one person gets out the instructions to read all of them and the details(analytical) and the other just wants to play(practical)
Gardner
Believed that there are 9 different types of intelligence
First to include categories with social intelligence; No general intelligence, just specific places you are better in that make you considered intelligent
