Learning Ch. 2

Question 1

Error

Answer 1

The number of mistakes made during a task.

Question 2

Topography

Answer 2

The physical form or shape of a behavior.

Question 3

Intensity

Answer 3

The force or magnitude of a behavior.

Question 4

Speed

Answer 4

The time it takes to complete a behavior from start to finish.

Question 5

Rate:

Answer 5

The frequency of a behavior over a specific period of time.

Question 6

Fluency:

Answer 6

The combination of accuracy and speed in performing a behavior.

Question 7

What is a cumulative record?

Answer 7

A visual representation of the total number of responses over time.

Question 8

How is learning measured in a cumulative record?

Answer 8

Total responses over time, slope indicating the rate of behavior.

Question 9

Anecdotes

Answer 9

Personal Stories

Question 10

Case Studies

Answer 10

In-depth analysis of single person, group or event.

Question 11

Descriptive

Answer 11

Observations, no manipulation

Question 12

Experimental Studies

Answer 12

Controlled experiments, variables manipulated

Question 13

Most reliable source of data evidence?

Answer 13

Experimental studies
Reason: Controlled conditions

Question 14

Least reliable source of data evidence?

Answer 14

Anecdotes
Reason: Subjective stories

Question 15

Independent vs. Dependent Variable?

Answer 15

Independent is manipulated; Dependent is measured.

Question 16

What is a field experiment?

Answer 16

Conducted in natural settings; higher ecological validity.

Question 17

Which studies use statistical analyses?

Answer 17

Descriptive and experimental studies.

Question 18

What is a baseline period?

Answer 18

Pre-intervention data collection; used in single-subject designs.

Question 19

Belyaev’s Hypothesis on Domestication

Answer 19

Changes in gene expression patterns (when genes turn on/off and how much protein they produce)

Question 20

Genes and Domestication

Answer 20

Over 100 genes in the prefrontal cortex showed different expression patterns between domesticated and aggressive foxes.

Question 21

Domestication Syndrome
Front:
* Selection for tame behavior in animals leads to…

Answer 21

• Reduced neural crest cell migration
• Changes in fur coloration, facial structure
• Reduced cartilage strength (floppy ears, curly tails)
• Altered hormone levels
• Longer reproductive season

Question 22

The bond between dogs and humans is reinforced by the

Answer 22

release of oxytocin, the “love hormone”, in both species during positive interactions.

Question 23

What is “The Secret Life of the Dog” about?

Answer 23

It explores canine behavior and intelligence.

Question 24

What cognitive abilities do dogs have?

Answer 24

Empathy, problem-solving, and social learning.

Question 25

How do dogs communicate?

Answer 25

Through vocalizations, body language, and facial expressions.

Question 26

Can dogs sense fairness?

Answer 26

Yes, they can detect deception in others.

Question 27

How has the dog-human relationship evolved?

Answer 27

From domestication to being family members.

Question 28

What traits do domestic dogs share with wild ancestors?

Answer 28

Pack mentality and hunting strategies

Question 29

What research topics are covered?

Answer 29

Canine emotions, social intelligence, and training effects.

Question 30

What is the documentary’s overall message?

Answer 30

It deepens understanding of the human-dog bond.