learning approach

Question 1

classical conditioning

Answer 1

all animals born with reflexes in behaviour this is a stimulus and its natural response, when other stimuli are associated with the stimulus it triggers the same response

Question 2

Key researcher cc

Answer 2

Ivan Pavlov 1927

Question 3

Pavlov research

Answer 3

investigated the digestive system of dogs
he observed dogs salivated before presentation of food
switched his attention to behaviour

Question 4

Process of Pavlov research

Answer 4

Before conditioning 
food - UCS = salvation UCR
During conditioning ---- paired association 
food UCS + bell NS =salvation UCR
After conditioning 
bell CS = salvation CR

Question 5

strength application of CC

Answer 5

led to development of therapies for the reduction of anxiety and phobias ie. systematic desensitisation use of counter conditioning

Question 6

strength of CC and OC

Answer 6

use of empirical method- by using controlled conditions it allowed them to establish casual relationships by manipulating the IV

Question 7

limitation of CC and OC

Answer 7

use of animal research - can’t generalise

Question 8

limitation Seligman 1970

Answer 8

animals are prepared to learn associations for survival needs
unprepared to learn associations that are not significant

Question 9

Operant conditioning

Answer 9

people or animals learn through consequences

Question 10

operant conditioning consist of

Answer 10

positive reinforcement- behaviour reoccur due to positive outcome
negative reinforcement- avoidance of negative outcome
punishment- behaviour less likely to reoccur

Question 11

key researcher OC

Answer 11

B.F Skinner

Question 12

B.F Skinner research

Answer 12

worked with an apparatus - skinner box
contained a lever that could administer reinforcements to rats and pigeons
when pressed by animal it delivered food pellets or a electric shock ( negative reinforcement)
animals would take any action to avoid the shocks - negative reinforcement
having learnt he lever delivered food they pressed it again– continues reinforcement

Question 13

strength OC

Answer 13

used to shape behaviour– behaviour modification techniques based on reward used in education system

Question 14

limitation OC

Answer 14

Little Albert experiment caused later life experiences of a all time fear of white rats

Question 15

limitation

Answer 15

focuses solely on behaviour, other factors may be missed or ignored