Learning Approach Flashcards
Example of classical conditioning
Pavlov
Classical conditioning
Involuntary behaviour. The theory that examines how a response is associated with a stimulus to cause conditioning
Extinction
Occurs when the association between the unconditioned stimulus and the controlled stimulus no longer occurs
The learned response is extinguished
Spontaneous recovery
After extinction, the association sometimes recurs. The conditioned stimulus suddenly produces a response that was previously conditioned.
Operant conditioning
Voluntary behaviour. When people behave in a certain way and are rewarded for that behaviour, then they will repeat it, and if they are punished they will stop
Positive and negative reinforcement
When a reward is given in response to a behaviour
Punishment
Doing something unpleasant to stop behaviour
Primary and secondary reinforcement
Primary- basic need (food,drink)
Secondary - reward is something that can satisfy a basic need but is not a basic need itself
Learning approach Assumptions
Environment shapes people
Behaviour shaped by reinforcements and punishments
Imitation
Performance of an act that is stimulated by the perception of a similar act by another animal or person
Modelling
People copy a behaviour that they would not have not carried out before seeing it modelled
Observation
People watch what others do and copy their actions
Vicarious reinforcement
Reinforcement through others being reinforced
Stimulus
Something that produces a response
Response
Something that is produced by a stimulus
What is the learning approach
About the effects of conditioning, reinforcement and social learning on the individual
Why did you choose the Chi squared test
The level of measurement of the data is nominal, the hypothesis predicts a difference and it is an independent groups design. I have two variables that are summarised in a two-way table. This test can be used to test for a correlation or difference
How can you compare observed and critical values to judge significance
Through statistical tests, also through which hypothesis is proved correct
