Learning Approach Flashcards
What is classical conditioning
Learning through association
Where does classical conditioning take place
takes place when we associate two stimuli with each other
What study is know in classical conditioning ?
Watson and Rayner (Little Albert)
What was the aim of the Watson and Rayner study ?
To find out if fears can be learnt .
What was the findings of Watson and Rayner study ?
Little Albert Learnt to fear white rats through classical condition
One strength of Watson and Rayner
Study is well designed to control your extraneous variables
Weakness of Watson and Rayner study
Little Albert was the only participant , limiting generalisability of results
What is operant conditioning
Learning through consequence
When does operant conditioning takes place ?
Through forming a link between a behaviour and its consequence.
Reinforcement
Increases the probability of a behaviour being repeated
Positive reinforcement
Occurs when a behaviour is followed by an Pleasant consequence.
Negative reinforcement
Occurs when a behaviour is followed by removal of an unpleasant stimulus
Punishment
Reduces the probability of a behaviour being repeated
Positive punishment
When a behaviour is followed by an unpleasant consequence
Negative punishment
Occurs when a behaviour is followed by the removal of something pleasant
What study focuses on operant conditioning?
Skinner
What was the aim of skinners study?
To measure the rate at which rats would press a lever when a food pellet was delivered
Strengths of skinner study
Many practical applications of skinners research and operant condition
Weakness of skinners study
Skinner used animals in his research and can’t be generalised upon human behaviour
What is social learning theory ?
Behaviour can be learnt indirectly just by observing and imitating another person
What is modelling ?
When a individual carries out behaviours which we observe them doing
What is vicarious reinforcement?
When a behaviour is imitated if the learner is motivated.
What study is linked to social learning theory ?
Bandura
Strength of Bandura study
Many practical applications which can help understand how children acquire aggressive behaviour
Weakness of bandura study
The study was carried out in a controlled artificial environment lacking ecological validity
