Cognitive Approach Flashcards
What are the key concepts ?
Reconstructive memory
cognitive priming
Cognitive biases
What is reconstructive memory ?
Where the recollection of information is influenced by other cognitive processes
What is a schema ?
A mental template of the world consisting of knowledge based on previous experiences and beliefs
What is Confabulation ?
Type of memory error in which gaps in memory are unconsciously filled with distorted information
What is Rationalisation ?
Memories are distorted in order to provide a possible account of events
What is shortening ?
Re-collection of memories are reduced in length so that detail which are unfamiliar and unexpected are removed
What key study focuses on reconstructive memory ?
Bartlett
Strength of Bartlett study
practical applications understanding how memories can change over time
Weakness of Bartlett study
Lacks reliability and validity , lacking standardised procedures
What is cognitive priming ?
One stimulus influences how people respond to subsequent stimulus.
What is Semantic priming ?
Two stimuli have similar features
What is associative priming ?
Two stimuli have a pairing . E.g car and mouse
What is repetition priming
Stimuli has been processed previously
What is a cognitive script ?
Acts as a recording we play in our heads which is used in social situations to guide our behaviour.
What key study is linked to cognitive priming ?
Harris Et Al
Strength of Harris study
Had practical applications to real life applications to obesity control
Weakness of Harris study
Lacks ecological validity as was conducted in an artificial setting
What are cognitive biases ?
An error in thinking in which affect the way we process information.
What is Fundamental attribution error ?
We believe dispositions factors are responsible for others behaviour and situational for our own .
What is confirmation bias ?
Individuals will search and recall information that strengthens and supports their own beliefs .
What is hostile attribution bias ?
The tendency to interpret others behaviours as being threatening even when it’s neutral
What study is linked to cognitive biases ?
Loftus and Palmer
What were the verbs used in the loftus and Palmer study ?
Smashed , collided , bumped , hit or contacted
Strength of loftus and Palmer study
Research into misleading questions had High levels levels of experimental control
Weakness of loftus and Palmer study
Study was conducted in a artificial controlled setting
