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Psychology > Cognitive Approach > Flashcards

Cognitive Approach Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key concepts ?

A

Reconstructive memory

cognitive priming

Cognitive biases

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2
Q

What is reconstructive memory ?

A

Where the recollection of information is influenced by other cognitive processes

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3
Q

What is a schema ?

A

A mental template of the world consisting of knowledge based on previous experiences and beliefs

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4
Q

What is Confabulation ?

A

Type of memory error in which gaps in memory are unconsciously filled with distorted information

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5
Q

What is Rationalisation ?

A

Memories are distorted in order to provide a possible account of events

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6
Q

What is shortening ?

A

Re-collection of memories are reduced in length so that detail which are unfamiliar and unexpected are removed

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7
Q

What key study focuses on reconstructive memory ?

A

Bartlett

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8
Q

Strength of Bartlett study

A

practical applications understanding how memories can change over time

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9
Q

Weakness of Bartlett study

A

Lacks reliability and validity , lacking standardised procedures

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10
Q

What is cognitive priming ?

A

One stimulus influences how people respond to subsequent stimulus.

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11
Q

What is Semantic priming ?

A

Two stimuli have similar features

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12
Q

What is associative priming ?

A

Two stimuli have a pairing . E.g car and mouse

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13
Q

What is repetition priming

A

Stimuli has been processed previously

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14
Q

What is a cognitive script ?

A

Acts as a recording we play in our heads which is used in social situations to guide our behaviour.

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15
Q

What key study is linked to cognitive priming ?

A

Harris Et Al

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16
Q

Strength of Harris study

A

Had practical applications to real life applications to obesity control

17
Q

Weakness of Harris study

A

Lacks ecological validity as was conducted in an artificial setting

18
Q

What are cognitive biases ?

A

An error in thinking in which affect the way we process information.

19
Q

What is Fundamental attribution error ?

A

We believe dispositions factors are responsible for others behaviour and situational for our own .

20
Q

What is confirmation bias ?

A

Individuals will search and recall information that strengthens and supports their own beliefs .

21
Q

What is hostile attribution bias ?

A

The tendency to interpret others behaviours as being threatening even when it’s neutral

22
Q

What study is linked to cognitive biases ?

A

Loftus and Palmer

23
Q

What were the verbs used in the loftus and Palmer study ?

A

Smashed , collided , bumped , hit or contacted

24
Q

Strength of loftus and Palmer study

A

Research into misleading questions had High levels levels of experimental control

25
Q

Weakness of loftus and Palmer study

A

Study was conducted in a artificial controlled setting

Psychology (5 decks)

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