Learning and Motivation Flashcards
What is motivation?
Motivation can be defined as the causes of an organism’s behaviour, or the reason that a person carries out some activities.
What are the 2 types of motives?
Primary motives
The satisfaction of basic biological needs such as food, oxygen, and water that must be met for survival.
Secondary Motives
Based on learned needs, drives and goals.
e.g. to fulfil social needs such as companionship and achievement, power.
What is unrealistic optimism?
An inaccurate perception of risk and susceptibility
What are the 5 core beliefs of the Health Belief Model?
Susceptibility to illness
e.g. ‘my chances of getting HIV / AIDS are high’.
Severity of the illness
e.g., HIV / AIDS is a serious illness.
The costs involved in carrying out the behaviour
e.g. good sitting posture is effortful.
The benefits involved in carrying out the behaviour
e.g. good sitting posture can ease my back pain.
Cues to action, which may be:
internal e.g. some non-specific symptoms
or external e.g. health education information.
What is motivational interviewing?
Motivational interviewing (MI) has as its goal the simple expectation that increasing an individual’s motivation to consider change rather than showing them how to change should be the key step.
If a person is not motivated to change then it is irrelevant if they know how to change.
However, if a person is motivated to change then the interventions aimed at changing behaviour can begin.
MI is a technique based on CBT which aims to enhance an individual’s motivation to change health behaviour.
One of the foundations for MI is the Transtheoretical Model of behaviour change (Prochaska and DiClemente, 1982). Provides strategies for change, action, and maintenance.
Motivational strategies include 8 components that are designed to increase the level of motivation the person has towards changing a specific behaviour.
The 8 components of the Transtheoretical Model are?
Giving Advice
Removing/reducing Barriers
Providing Choice
Decreasing Desirability
Practicing Empathy
Providing Feedback
Clarify Goals
Active Helping
In MI (Motivational interviewing), there are 5 Basic principles for creating conditions for change. What are they?
Expressing empathy
Avoiding argument
Supporting self-efficacy
Rolling with resistance
Developing discrepancy
How do you do Motivational Interviewing?
Establish Rapport
Setting the agenda
Assessing readiness to change
Sharpening the focus
Identifying ambivalence
Eliciting self-monitoring statements
Handling resistance
Shifting the focus
