Learning and Memory Flashcards
Name 3 Ergonomic Design Principles (EDP) for Ease of Learning.
- Feedback
- Consistency
- Compatibility
What is association?
Learning a product of leaned associations.
What is classical conditioning?
Where ‘acquisition of a response’ (learning) is by associating two events which occur together.
Pavlov (1927)
Thorndike and the puzzle box - trial and error learning and the ‘Law of Effect’
What is instrumental conditioning?
where the occurrence of the ‘operant’ response is either rewarded or punished until the desired acquisition or extinction takes place.
An example is the skinner and the Skinner box - rewarding good actions and punishing bad ones.
What is the multi store model of memory and who is it by?
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1971) suggest that your short term and long term memory are separate and have different stores in the brain.
What is working memory?
The idea of the same store for short and long term memory. This is a more recent ‘connectionist’ theory.
What is the Sensory store?
Holds information fleetingly until recognised. Needs attention for further processing to occur.
Visual stimuli - Iconic memory
Auditory stimuli - Echoic memory
What is the immediate memory span procedure and who is it by?
(Miller 1956)
A list of items are read aloud and the subject must repeat them immediately in the correct order. The memory span is the maximum number of items that can be recalled correctly. Chunks, not simply items.
What is the Trigram Experiment?
A test of how long items can be held before forgetting.
Had subjects remember a trigram and be asked to recall it after different time intervals. Different tasks would be given in between to prevent rehearsal.
(Peterson 1959)
What is rehearsal In short term memory?
Maintains an item in STM and effects it’s transfer to LTM. Otherwise it’s lost and forgotten.
