Learning And Memory

Question 1

Declarative memory

Answer 1

Declarative memory consists of facts and events that can be consciously recalled or “declared.” Also known as explicit memory, it is based on the concept that this type of memory consists of information that can be explicitly stored and retrieved.

Question 2

Non declarative memory

Answer 2

Is one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is acquired and used unconsciously, and can affect thoughts and behaviours. One of its most common forms is procedural memory, which helps people performing certain tasks without conscious awareness of these previous experiences

Question 3

Procedural memory

Answer 3

Procedural memory is a part of the long-term memory that is responsible for knowing how to do things, also known as motor skills. As the name implies, procedural memory stores information on how to perform certain procedures, such as walking, talking and riding a bike

Question 4

Associative learning

Answer 4

Associative learning, in animal behaviour, any learning process in which a new response becomes associated with a particular stimulus. In its broadest sense, the term has been used to describe virtually all learning except simple habituation

Question 5

Long term memory

Answer 5

The final stage of the multi-store memory model proposed by the Atkinson-Shiffrin, providing the lasting retention of information and skills. Theoretically, the capacity of long-term memory could be unlimited, the main constraint on recall being accessibility rather than availability.

Question 6

Short term memory

Answer 6

Is the capacity for holding, but not manipulating, a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time.

Question 7

Memory consolidation

Answer 7

Is defined as a time-dependent process by which recent learned experiences are transformed into long-term memory.

Question 8

Working memory

Answer 8

Is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing. Working memory is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision-making and behaviour.

Question 9

Long term potentiation

Answer 9

Is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. These are patterns of synaptic activity that produce a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between two neurons.

Question 10

Long term depression

Answer 10

Is an activity-dependent reduction in the efficacy of neuronal synapses lasting hours or longer following a long patterned stimulus

Question 11

Synaptic plasticity

Answer 11

Synaptic plasticity is the biological process by which specific patterns of synaptic activity result in changes in synaptic strength and is thought to contribute to learning and memory. Both pre-synaptic and post-synaptic mechanisms can contribute to the expression of synaptic plasticity.