Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psyc111 exam study > Learning and developmental psychology > Flashcards

Learning and developmental psychology Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 interrelation propositions of gateway drugs:

A
  1. sequencing
  2. association
  3. causation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Secades-Villa et al argue?

A

That cannabis is a gateway drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did Degenhardt et al argue?

A

That cannabis is not causal in leading to the use of illicit drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are Monozygotic twins identical or non-identical?

A

Identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are Dizygotic twins identical or non-identical?

A

Non-identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is synaptic plasticity?

A

Occurs from learning and memory which are thought to be due to long-term changes in synaptic strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the law of effect?

A

Positive consequences increase the likelihood or probability of a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Relation between two stimuli (CS and US). The CS elicits the CR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is instrumental conditioning /operant conditioning?

A

Concerns the probability or likelihood of a response changing as a function of its consequences. The subject emits the response in order to produce a reward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

Adding a stimulus or event upon a response increases that behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

Removing a stimulus or event upon a response increases that behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is positive punishment?

A

Adding a stimulus upon a response decreases that behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is negative punishment?

A

Removing a stimulus upon a response decreases that behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Premacks Principle?

A

Transitional reinforcement, theory focuses on general causal stimuli with relatively long-term deprivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Albert Bandura invent?

A

Modelling behaviour theory, Attention, Retention, Production, Motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Latent learning?

A

Learning from experience when there appears no obvious reinforcement or punishment from the behaviour

17
Q

What is the process of acquisition?

A

The process by which a conditioned stimulus comes to produce a conditioned response

18
Q

What are the 2 behaviours selected by evolution?

A

-Reflexive
-Instinctual

19
Q

What is the behaviour selected by experience?

A

Learning

20
Q

What is habituation?

A

The decline in tendency to respond to stimuli that have become familiar due to repeated exposure

21
Q

What is extinction?

A

If the CS is repeatedly presented without the US then the CR will gradually decrease

22
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

A neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that automatically elicits a particular response

23
Q

What is stimulus generalisation?

A

A conditioned response formed to one conditioned stimulus will occur to other similar stimuli

24
Q

What is flooding?

A

fear elicited by a CS is eliminated by process of extinctionW

25
Q

What is blocking?

A

Conditioning does not occur if a good predictor of the US already exists

26
Q

What is the process of higher-order conditioning?

A

Once the stimulus has become an effective CS for a certain CR, then that stimulus can be used to condition other stimuli

27
Q

What is the process of stimulus discrimination?

A

When an organism does not respond to stimuli that are similar to the stimulus used in training

28
Q

What did John Bowlby argue?

A

Argued that the effect on such a child could be increased attention-seeking behaviour

29
Q

What did Harold Skeets argue?

A

That children were getting adequate nutrition, warmth and cleanliness in foster homes

30
Q

What did Perrys research show?

A

That the earlier the removal from foster care, the bigger the brain volume

31
Q

What is a sensitive period?

A

A period during development when the organism is particularly susceptible to the effects pf a particular experience, effects can be altered and less dramatic

32
Q

What is a critical period?

A

A period during development when the organism is particularly susceptible to the effects of a particular experience, effects are dramatic and irreversible

33
Q

What do Teratogens do?

A

An agent that causes deviations in normal development that lead to serious abnormalities or death.

34
Q

What is the process of imprinting?

A

The process by which mothers’ offspring attachments are formed in many species of birds

35
Q

What did Konrad Lorenz study?

A

Greylag geese and the fixed action pattern

36
Q

What does social isolation do?

A

-Increases self-directed stereotypic behaviour (rocking, biting)
-Causes deficits in social behaviour

37
Q

What did Henry Harlow believe?

A

Unnecessary physical contact between mother and child would spoil the child, emotions were of negligible importance (importance of mothers love)

psyc111 exam study (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions