Learning Aim B Flashcards
Define what is meant by the public (statutory) sector
Health and social care services that are free at the point of use, controlled by the government and funded through taxation.
Provide three examples of statutory services
NHS trusts
GP practices
Children’s services
What is the role of an NHS Foundation Trust?
Run hospitals
Provide mental health, community health and children’s health services
What do local authorities do?
Manage social care services e.g. domiciliary care, children and adult services
Define the term ‘primary health care’
Provides the first point of contact with health and social care services e.g. GP, pharmacist
What are the benefits of statutory care?
Free at the point of use-does not discriminate
Promotes equality within society
Has the support of the public
What are the issues with the statutory sector?
Too much demand for services and the demand can’t be met
Members of the public can abuse services e.g. take up A&E appointments when they could use their GP or pharmacy
Unless the public are taxed more, it can be difficult to fund and to provide the latest equipment or improvements
Provide one example of a mental health charity
Mind
Provide one example of a children’s charity
NSPCC
Provide an example of a charity that supports adults with learning disabilities
MENCAP
Provide an example of a charity that supports elderly people
Age UK
Define what is meant by the private sector
Services that have to be paid for, that are aiming to make a profit e.g. residential care homes, private health care e.g. Nuffield
What are the benefits of the private sector?
Shorter waiting times
More efficient service
Offer specialised services-more likely to have modern equipment and facilities
What are the drawbacks of the private sector?
Creates a two-tier system in society-some people can afford it, some people can’t-health care should be a universal right
Not all health and social care services are offered, may only specialise in certain treatments e.g. IVF, plastic surgery
Define what is meant by the voluntary sector
Non-profit making organisations who provide services alongside public and private sector e.g. Age UK
How does an organisation such as Mencap support service users with learning disabilities?
Residential care
Promotes awareness of learning disabilities and challenges prejudice and discrimination
Provides education services for people with learning disabilities
What types of services do a hospital provide?
Receive treatment from specialist staff
Emergency care
Surgery
What type of services do daycare units provide?
Day centres/day units can be run by charities or the NHS.
Offer care and support for elderly people, those with mental health needs and those with learning disabilities
Day units are an alternative to being at home and can provide respite for carers.
Define the term ‘secondary healthcare’
Services provided to referred patients by specialist services. Secondary care usually takes place in hospitals e.g. cariology, radiology, orthopaedics.
What is hospice care/palliative care?
Care provided to those with a terminal illness e.g. cancer.
Care involves pain management and taking care of a person’s PIES needs.
Support for family members and friends during bereavement.
Can you explain what a residential care setting is?
Offer care to those who are unable to look after themselves at home. Care involves personal care as well as nursing care.
Residential care homes are privately owned or can be ran by charities.
Define the term ‘domiciliary care’
Care that takes place at home
What does domiciliary care involve?
Care and support in the home e.g. personal care, help with daily tasks such as cooking or shopping. The main aim is to promote independence.
Define the term ‘respite care’
Giving an informal carer a break from caring for a service user, through help at home, or short term residential care for the service user. The Care Act 2014 sets out rights for the carers of a service user to ensure they are protected.
Which three criteria are used to decide what services are suitable for a service user?
- Referral
- Assessment
- Eligibility criteria
What is a ‘referral’ in health and social care?
People who need health care usually see their GP, who then refers them to more specialist services to get them help.
What is the purpose of an assessment in health and social care?
To identify the health and social care needs of an individual
To find out what matters to the patient e.g. being able to dress themselves
To find out any needs of family or carers
Define the term ‘eligibility criteria’
A needs assessment to to identify whether or not a person is entitled to free care and support from their local council.
This assessment involves the service user demonstrating what their capabilities are e.g. can they get out of a chair unaided, can they walk a certain distance.
If a service user meets the eligibility criteria, then it means they are entitled to care and support from a carer.
Identify two examples of barriers that could prevent a person accessing health and social care services
Specific needs e.g. learning disability, physical disability, mental ill health
Individual preferences e.g. religious or cultural choices, an older person wanting to remain independent.
Financial e.g. can’t afford private health care, expensive equipment
Language e.g. speaking a foreign language, specific language needs e.g. sign language
Social e.g. personal circumstances may prevent you from accessing help, homeless people, men, older people
Geographical e.g. living too far away from a service in a rural area, post code lottery
How do you overcome a financial barrier?
Financial assessment can identify whether or not a person is entitled to benefits, such as free prescriptions
Charity support
How do you overcome a language barrier?
Translators/interpreters Picture cards (for young children or those with learning disabilities) Sign language/Makaton
How do you overcome a geographical barrier?
Free patient transport for more rural areas
Referring patients to services where they can access the best treatment
How do you overcome a cultural barrier?
Provide an advocate or a family member in appointments to support the individual
Ensure that members of staff are aware of cultural preferences and offer support where possible e.g. same sex health care professional
Who represents service user interests?
Charities
Patient groups
What is advocacy?
A person who speaks on behalf of someone else to represent their best interests. They can express the views and wishes of the service user and promote their rights if they are unable to e.g. because of a disability, language barrier or illness such as dementia.
Who can be an advocate?
Friends or family members
Some charities offer professional advocacy services
Who regulates and inspects services in England?
CQC
Ofsted
NICE
PHE
What is the CQC?
They monitor and inspect health and social care services, and rate them based on what they see.
How do inspectors carry out inspections?
Gather information from staff and service users
Observe service provided e.g. observe an assessment
Review policies and check they are appropriate and up to date
Review patient notes and records
How might a service respond to an inspection?
Introduce further staff training
Ensure changes to every day practice e.g. hygiene procedures
Improve working with others to network and gain ideas for best practice
The CQC considers five key questions when inspecting a service, what are they?
Is it safe? Is it effective? Is it caring? Is it responsive? Is it well led?
What is NICE?
They provide national guidance and advice to improve health and social care.
They develop quality standards and evidence based guidance to on the treatment of different illnesses and diseases e.g. NICE guidelines for cancer treatment,
What is the role of Ofsted?
Inspects and monitors all health and social care services that care for children e.g. schools, adoption and fostering agencies, children’s social care services.
What is the role of PHE?
To protect and improve England’s health and wellbeing.
What is the name of the regulatory bodies that monitor nurses?
The NMC
The RCN
Which regulatory body monitors the work of doctors?
The GMC
Which regulatory body monitors allied health professionals? e.g. social workers, occupational therapists?
The HCPC
How does the NMC regulate nurses and midwives?
Ensures any nurse or midwife working in the UK is registered, and is therefore safe to practice
Ensures nurses and midwives have the correct skills and qualifications (if they don’t they can’t gain registration)
Set standards for practice and behaviour
What are the benefits of regulatory bodies?
Ensure accountability by promoting CPD and regular staff training
Sets standards and principles for professionals to follow, ensuring consistency and high standards
Ensures staff working in the UK have the correct qualifications and experience to deliver high standards of care.
What are National Occupational Standards?
They are standards that all individuals must achieve when working in health and social care settings e.g. infection control, maintaining the health and safety of individuals
What is a code of practice?
A set of guidelines explaining how members of a profession should behave.
