Learning Flashcards
Define learning
Long term change in behaviour brought about experience
What are tropisms
Innate behaviour pattern
Movement or change in orientation of an animal or plant
What are FAPs?
Innate behavioural pattern
sequence of behaviours that occur in a rideorder that once started continue to competition
Where are reaction chains?
Innate behavioural pattern
Sequence of behaviours
Progression from behaviour to behaviour depends on presence of appropriate stimulus
If stimulus not present, chain is distribution
What is habitation?
Non associative learning
A general process in which repeated or prolong exposure to a stimulus results in a gradual reduction in responding
Decrease in response strength over multiple presentations of low to moderate intensity stimulus
What is dishabuation
Non associative learning Habituate animal to one stimulus After it stops responding, present new stimulus Present old stimulus again Response to original stimulus recovers
What is sensitisation?
Non associative learning
When stimuli are moderate to high in intensity, animals become sensitised
Define acquisition
The phase of classical conditioning where the CS and US are presented together
Define extinction
The gradual elimination of a learned response that occurs when the CS is no longer followed by the US
Define spontaneous recovery
the tendency of a learned behaviour to recover from extinction after a rest period
Define second order conditioning
Conditioning where the US is a stimulus that acquired its ability to produce learning from an earlier procedure which it was used as a CS
Define generalisation
An increase in responding to a stimulus because of its similarity to a CS that was paired with a US
Define discrimination
The capacity to distinguish between similar but distinct stimuli
Define contingency
The organism has an expectation about how well the CS signals the appearance of the US
Define biological preparedness
A property for learning particular kinds of associations over others
What is the law of effect?
The principle that behaviours that are followed by a satisfying state of affairs tend to be repeated and those that produce an unpleasant state of affairs are less likely to be repeated
Define operant behaviour
Behaviour that has some impact on the environment and changes because of that impact
Define the over justification effect
Circumstances when external rewards can undermine the intrinsic satisfaction of performing a behaviour
Define fixed interval schedule
Reinforcement will become available when a fixed time period has elapsed following previous reinforcement
Define variable interval schedule
Reinforcement will become available when a time period has elapsed following the previous reinforcement- waiting period varies
Define fixed ratio schedule
Reinforcement will be delivered after a specific number of responses have been made
Define variable ratio schedule
Reinforcement will be delivered after a specified average number of responses have been made
Define intermittent reinforcement
An operant conditioning relationship in which only some of the responses are followed by reinforcement
Define latent learning
A condition in which something is learned but is not manifested as a behaviour change until sometime in the future
Define cognitive map
A mental representation of the physical features of the environment
Define spatial representation
The capacity to encode, process and store information about the shape and layout of the physical environment
Define implicit learning
Learning that takes place largely independent of awareness of the process and the products of information acquisition
