Learning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

A relatively permanent change in ones mental processes or behavior that is a function of interactions with the environment

Question 2

Reflexes

Answer 2

Innate skills that do not require learning

Question 3

Situations when we have a signal that tells us when another event will occur

Answer 3

Pavlovian, respondent, and classical conditioning

Question 4

Situations when the consequences of our behavior control future responding

Answer 4

Instrumental/operant conditioning

Question 5

Unconditional response

Answer 5

Does not require learning

Question 6

Conditional response

Answer 6

A result of learning

Question 7

Unconditional stimulus

Answer 7

Causes an unconditional response

Question 8

Neutral stimulus

Answer 8

Does not naturally elicit a response

Paired with an unconditional stimulus so that it becomes a conditional stimulus

Question 9

Extinction

Answer 9

When a conditional stimulus is presented without the unconditional stimulus and it’s strength decreases over time

Question 10

Appetitive stimuli

Answer 10

Pleasant reflexes

Question 11

Aversive stimuli

Answer 11

Involve some degree of physical discomfort

Question 12

Stimulus generalization

Answer 12

Reacting in a similar manner to stimuli that share features associated with the original conditional stimulus
A different environmental event that has not been paired with the unconditional stimulus also elicits or causes the conditional response
Conditional responses occur from exposure to stimuli that are physically similar to the original conditional stimulus

Question 13

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 13

Conditional responses only occur when the original conditional stimulus is introduced

Question 14

Operant conditioning

Answer 14

Situations in which we can choose among different options based on our previous experiences

Question 15

Antecedent stimuli

Answer 15

Environmental events that preceded behavior

Question 16

Reinforcement

Answer 16

The consequences of a response increase the probability of behavior

Question 17

Punishment

Answer 17

Decreases the likelihood of a recurrence of behavior

Question 18

Some behavior produces a stimulus which leads to more of that same kind of behavior in the future

Answer 18

Positive reinforcement

Question 19

Some behavior removes a stimulus which leads to more of that kind of behavior in the futute

Answer 19

Negative reinforcement

Question 20

Some behavior produces a stimulus which leads to less of that kind of behavior in the future

Answer 20

Positive punishment

Question 21

Some behavior removes a stimulus which leads to less of that kind of behavior in the future

Answer 21

Negative punishment

Question 22

Reward every 3rd 5th, or 19th behavior

Answer 22

Fixed ratio schedule (FR)

Question 23

Fixed ratio schedule (FR)

Answer 23

Reward every 3rd 5th, or 19th behavior

Question 24

Variable ratio schedule

Answer 24

Reward on average every 5th behavior

Question 25

Reward on average every 4t behavior

Answer 25

Variable ratio schedule

Question 26

Fixed interval schedule (FI)

Answer 26

Getting paid every 2 weeks

Report due every 2 weeks

Question 27

Getting paid every 2 weeks

Report due every 2 weeks

Answer 27

Fixed interval schedule (FI)

Question 28

Variable interval schedule (VI)

Answer 28

Reward on average ever 2 weeks

Question 29

Reward on average every 2 weeks

Answer 29

Variable interval schedule (VI)

Question 30

Primary reinforces

Answer 30

Nonlearned and natural; satisfied physiological needs

Food, water, sex

Question 31

Secondary reinforcer

Answer 31

Learned reinforcer

Money, praise, attention, approval, success

Question 32

Token reinforcer

Answer 32

Tangible secondary reinforcer

Money, gold stars, poker chips

Question 33

Social reinforcer

Answer 33

Provided by other people

Question 34

Partial reinforcement

Answer 34

Reinforcement does not follow every response

Question 35

Latent learning

Answer 35

Occurs without obvious reinforcement

Anticipated future rewards