Learning 3 Flashcards
What the 3 main reinforcement schedules
- continual reinforcement
- partial reinforcement
- differential reinforcement
define continual reinforcement
every occurrence of the behaviour is paired with the reinforcer
- learning occurs rapidly
- extinction occurs rapidly
define partial reinforcement
only some of the occurrences of the behaviour are paired with the reinforcer
- the lower the proportion of the behaviours that are paired with the reinforcer the more slowly conditioning occurs
- resistant to extinction
can be interval or ratio, fixed or variable
define differential reinforcement
animals is given different valued rewards that reflect the quality of the performance
e.g. reward dog for above average response’s, give better rewards for better responses
fixed ratio vs variable ratio
fixed - behaviour is reinforced only after behaviour occurs a specified number of times
faster you respond, the more rewards you get
variable - behaviour is reinforced after unpredictable number of times
very hard to extinguish because of unpredictability
fixed interval vs variable interval
fixed - behaviour is reinforced only after specific time has elapsed
frequency of behaviour increases when the time of reward draws near
variable - behaviour is reinforced at unpredictable time intervals
produced slow, steady response
what is shaping
shaping is the process of building a particular behaviour gradually using a small series of steps to achieve the final behaviour
what are the two types of chaining
forward chaining and backwards chaining
what are examples of factors that can affect learning
- motivation state (e.g. hunger)
- biological predisposition
- environment
- age