Learning Flashcards
What is habituation?
Decrease in response to repeat benign stimulus
What is sensitization?
Strengthening of responses to a wide variety of stimuli following an intense or noxious stimuli
T/F Sensitization overrides effects of habituation
True
Imitative learning is important in what?
Acquisition of language
What type of neurons are part of imitative learning?
Mirror neurons
Mirror neurons are cortical neurons that fire when what?
When we observe somebody doing something that helps us relate to what they are doing and perhaps is important in our acquiring those motor skills
The cortical mirror neuron system is formed by what two main regions?
Ventral premotor cortex and rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule
What type of conditioning involves a learning relationship between two stimuli
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning is a learning relationship between what?
Stimulus and organism behavior
Classical conditioning is a pairing of what two stimuli to condition response?
Conditioned and unconditioned
Formation of a predictive relationship between a response and a stimulus is what type of conditioning?
Operant conditioning
Animals and people learn to predict the consequences of their own behavior in what type of conditioning?
Operant
Biofeedback is a form of which conditioning?
Operant
T/F The number of neurons and their connectivities stay the same during learning
False; they change significantly
If neurons do not make meaningful connections they will ___
Perish
Neuron connections are determined by what?
Nerve growth factors released retrogradely from + cells
Soon after birth, many areas of the cerebral cortex may lose what percentage of original neurons
50% or more
What causes the loss of original neurons?
Nonuse
T/F In adults there is modification in the number of neurons and their connections
True
What is represented in multiple regions throughout the nervous system
Long term memory
Storage of memory is associated with what structural changes in synapes?
Increase in: transmitter vesicles, release sites for neurotransmitter, number of presynaptic terminals, number of synaptic connections
Changes in structure of dendritic spines
Protein kinase M zeta maintains what?
Long term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal neurons
What else is blocked when Protein kinase M zeta is blocked?
Long term memory function
Zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) blocks _____
PKM zeta
Holographic memory uses what type of waves?
Coherent waves
What two type of interference patterns are associated with holographoc memory?
Constructive and destructive
____ alters human behavior by learning and memory
Environment
Process by which we acquire knowledge about the world
Learning
Process by which knowledge is encoded, stored, and retrieved
Memory
T/F All learning is beneficial
False
Learned motor skills help us?
Master the environment
Learned language enables?
Communication of what we learned
T/F Learning can produce dysfunctional behaviors
True
_____ often creates an environment where people can learn to change their behavior
Psychotherapy
Unconscious memory
Implicit
Conscious memory
Explicit
Following a bilateral removal of the hippocampal formation, H.M. had better control of seizures, but developed what?
A devastating explicit memory deficit
