Learning... Flashcards
What is the equation for the reaction of sodium with cold water?
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) -> 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
Describe the reaction of sodium with cold water
A vigorous reaction. The metal fizzes rapidly and melts due to the heat released. A strongly alkaline solution is formed.
What is the equation for the reaction of magnesium with cold water?
Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) -> Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
Describe the reaction of magnesium with cold water
This is a very slow reaction at room temperature. Only a few bubbles of gas are produced after a day or two. The resulting solution is only a weak alkali because magnesium hydroxide is only sparingly soluble.
What is the equation for the reaction of magnesium with steam?
Mg(s) + H2O(g) -> MgO(s) + H2(g)
Describe the reaction of magnesium with steam
This reaction is a lot faster due to the higher temperatures needed to generate the steam.
What is the equation for the reaction of chlorine with water (not in the presence of bright sunlight)?
Cl2(g) + H2O(l) <-> HClO(aq) + HCl(aq)
What is HClO(aq)?
chloric (I) acid
What is the equation for the reaction of chlorine and water in the presence of bright sunlight?
2Cl2(g) + 2H2O(l) -> 4HCl(aq) + O2(g)
What does the pH of the resulting solution from the reaction between chlorine and water depend on?
depends on the concentration of solution
What is the equation for the reaction between sodium and oxygen?
2Na(s) + 1/2O2(g) -> Na2O(s)
Describe the reaction of sodium with oxygen gas
burns brightly in oxygen gas with a characteristic yellow flame to form a white solid
Describe the reaction of magnesium with oxygen gas
burns brightly in oxygen gas with a brilliant white flame to form a white solid
What is the equation of the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?
2Mg(s) + O2(g) -> 2MgO(s)
What is the equation of the reaction between aluminium and oxygen?
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) -> 2Al2O3(s)
Describe the reaction between aluminium and oxygen
If aluminium powder is heated and lowered into a jar of oxygen it burns with a bright white flame to produce aluminium oxide. Aluminium also reacts with oxygen from the atmosphere in a much slower version of the reaction. This means most pieces of aluminium are dull and grey, coated with a layer of aluminium oxide.
What is the equation of the reaction between silicon and oxygen?
Si(s) + O2(g) -> SiO2(s)
Describes the reaction of silicon with oxygen
Silicon forms an oxide when heated strongly in oxygen and it burns slowly
As an element what are the two different forms (allotropes) phosphorus can be found as?
- Red phosphorus is made of chains of P4 tetrahedrons
- White phosphorus is a single P4 tetrahedral molecule
Do both allotropes of phosphorus react the same with oxygen?
They both undergo the same reaction with oxygen, however the red allotrope must be heated first, whereas the white allotrope reacts rapidly in air.
What is the equation of the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen?
4P(s) + 5O2(g) -> P4O10(s)
Describe the reaction of phosphorus with oxygen
burns spontaneously with a white flame and smoke
If there is a limited supply of oxygen, what is the equation of the reaction between phosphorus and oxygen?
2P(s) + 1.5O2(g) -> P2O3(s)
Describe the reaction of sulfur with oxygen
When sulfur powder is heated and lowered into a gas jar of oxygen it reacts to form sulfur dioxide and a little sulfur trioxide
With a higher temperature and a V2O5 catalyst burns in blue flame
What are the equations for the two reactions that take place between sulfur and oxygen?
S(s) + O2(g) -> SO2(g)
SO2(g) + 1/2O2(g) -> SO3(l)
What is the equation for the reaction between sodium oxide with water?
Na2O(s) + H2O(l) -> 2Na+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
What is the equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and water?
MgO(s) + H2O(l) -> Mg(OH)2(aq)
The oxides of Na and Mg are both what and react with water to form what pH solution?
they are both alkaline and react with water to form basic solutions but magnesium hydroxide is only sparingly soluble and so is only weakly alkaline
What are the two oxides that are insoluble in water?
Aluminium oxide and silicon dioxide so they undergo no reaction so the pH when they are added to water is 7
What is the reaction between phosphorus (V) oxide and water?
produces phosphoric (V) acid which is a strong tri-protic acid and fully dissociates - pH 1-2
P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) -> 4H3PO4(aq)
