Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the general formula of alcohols?

A

CnH2n+1OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A carbonyl group

A

the name when a carbon forms a double bond to an oxygen atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aldehyde

A

a compound which contains a carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aldehydes suffix

A

‘al’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ketone

A

contain a carbonyl group somewhere in the middle of a carbon chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Formula of aldehydes

A

RCHO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Formula of ketones

A

RCOR’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Suffix of ketones

A

‘one’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Carboxylic acids

A

compound that contains a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group both at the end of a carbon chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Formula of carboxylic acids

A

RCOOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Suffix of carboxylic acids

A

‘oic acid’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Physical properties of alcohols due to hydrogen bonding

A

As alcohols have an OH group they have hydrogen bonding between molecules. For this reason alcohols have higher melting and boiling points than alkanes of similar chain length. Hydrogen bonds form about the OH group, but not about the alkyl chain of the molecule. For this reason short alcohol molecules dissolve well in polar solvents like water, but longer alcohol molecules dissolve better in non-polar solvents such as hexane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ethanol uses

A
  • As an intermediate in the synthesis of other organic chemicals.
  • As a solvent in cosmetics and perfumes.
  • In the manufacture of drugs, detergents, and inks.
  • It is also the alcohol found in alcoholic drinks.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two different methods of producing ethanol?

A
  • producing ethanol from crude oil
  • producing ethanol by fermentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Producing ethanol from crude oil

A

Ethene is made when crude oil fractions are cracked to form an alkane and an alkene. Ethene is then hydrated by adding water in the presence of a concentrated phosphoric catalyst.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Producing ethanol from crude oil (reaction name)

A

Hydration

17
Q

Producing ethanol from crude oil (equation)

A

CH2=CH2 + H2O(g) -> CH3CH2OH

18
Q

Producing ethanol from crude oil (conditions)

A

Conc H3PO4 catalyst, Steam 450⁰C temperature, 50-100atm pressure

19
Q

What mechanism is the hydration reaction (producing ethanol from crude oil) ?

A

electrophilic addition

20
Q

Producing ethanol by fermentation

A

In this process carbohydrates in plants are converted into sugars, which are then fermented into ethanol using enzymes found in yeast. The carbohydrates can come from crops such as sugar cane, sugar beet etc.

21
Q

Producing ethanol by fermentation (reaction name)

A

Fermentation/Anaerobic respiration

22
Q

Producing ethanol by fermentation (equation)

A

C6H12O6(aq) -> 2CH3CH2OH(aq) + 2CO2(g)

23
Q

Producing ethanol by fermentation (conditions)

A

Yeast enzymes (zymase), temp ~ 35 degrees C, no oxygen

24
Q

Why should no oxygen be present when producing ethanol by fermentation?

A

ethanol formed may oxidise to ethanoic acid

25
Q

Advantages of Hydration of Ethene

A
  • Large scale production method
  • High purity product made
  • Readily available raw material
  • High rate of reaction
  • Continuous production method
26
Q

Disadvantages of Hydration of Ethene

A
  • High temp and pressure needed which increases costs
  • Expensive and high tech equipment needed
  • Crude oil is non-renewable
27
Q

Advantages of Fermentation

A
  • Uses renewable resources
  • Low tech method – suitable for developing

countries as little expensive eqpt needed.

  • Readily available and renewable raw
    materials from plants
  • Low cost
28
Q

Disadvantages of Fermentation

A
  • Slow rate of reaction
  • Impure ethanol made needs distilling
  • Causes food prices to rise if crops are used to produce alcohol instead of food.
  • Batch production method. Less efficient.
29
Q

What is the reagent in the dehydration of alcohols to form alkenes?

A

concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated phosphoric acid

30
Q

What condition is required for the dehydration of alcohols to form alkenes?

A

hot/temperature in range 150 - 200 degrees C

Chemistry (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions