Learning Flashcards
Learning
Long-lasting knowledge or change in behavior due to experience
Associative learning
Learning that mixes multiple events together
Who founded classical conditioning?
Pavlov
Unconditioned Stimulus
Stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers response (meat)
Unconditioned Response
unlearned, natural response to the unconditioned stimulus (salivating)
Conditioned stimulus
Irrelevent stimulus that can trigger a response when paried with a unconditioned stimulus (bell)
Conditioned response
The learned response to the previously neutral stimulus (salivating)
Acquisition
The initial stage of learning in classical conditioning
Extinction
Diminishing of a conditioned response
Spontaneous Recovery
Reappearence of an extinct conditioned response after no exposure to the conditioned stimulus
Stimulus Discrimination
Organisms has naturally learned a response to a specific stimuli and won’t response to slightly different stimuli.
Stimulus Generalization
Orgamism responding in the same way to specific stimulus as it does to a new stimulus
One-trial learning
Conditioned response occurs immediately after the conditioned stimulus is presented and only takes one trial for the learning to occur.
Second-order conditioning
Conditioning by association with other things (door –> can opener = salivation)
Shaping
Operant conditioning which reinforces behavior towards target through approximations.
Primary reinforcer
Food or drink (innately reinforcing)
Secondary/conditioned reinforcer
Learned reinforcer that gets power from associations from primary reinforcer
Continuous reinforcement
Reinforces the desired response each time
Partial reinforcement
Reinforces only part of the time. Slower acquisition but greater resistance to extinction
Fixed-ratio
The same amount is needed for reward each time. (High and stable performance)
Variable ratio
You don’t know when the reward will come each time (very high performance)
FIxed-interval schedule
reinforces response only after a specific time (weekly pay) (average and irregular performance)
Variable interval schedule
Unpredictable time intervals for reinforcement (moderately high and stable performance)
Positive reinforcement
good behavior –> add something good (extra screen time for good behavior)
Positive punishment
bad behvaior –> add something bad (New rule for bad behavior)
Negative reinforcement
Bad behavior –> take away something bad (lift rule after they clean their room)
Negative punishment
Bad behavior –> take away something good (no ice cream after bad behavior)
Learned helplessness
Punished for something you didn’t know was bad
Social learning / observaitonal learning
Observational learning based off of others and their actions.
Modelling
Behavior of others increases the chances that we will do the same.
Bandura
Bobo doll experiment
Bandura’s social cognitive theory
Behavior + environmental facotrs + personal factors = behavior chocies
Latent learning
Learning without knowledge explicitly being expressed
Token economy
Behavioral modification system that is based on people being rewarded with fake money / items
Habituation
Tendency to become familiar with a stimulus over repeated exposure.
Operant conditioning
learning through the consequences of behavior
