Learning Flashcards
learning
The acquisition, from experience, of new knowledge, skills, or responses that results in a relatively permanent change in the state of the learner.
habituation
A general process in which repeated or prolonged exposure to a stimulus results in a gradual reduction in responding.
sensitization
A simple form of
learning that occurs when presentation
of a stimulus leads to an increased
response to a later stimulus.c
classical conditioning
A type of
learning that occurs when a neutral
stimulus produces a response after
being paired with a stimulus that
naturally produces a response.
unconditioned stimulus (US)
Something that reliably produces
a naturally occurring reaction in an
organism.
unconditioned response (UR)
A reflexive reaction that is reliably
produced by an unconditioned stimulus.
acquisition
The phase of classical
conditioning when the CS and the US
are presented together.
conditioned stimulus (CS)
A previously neutral stimulus that
produces a reliable response in an
organism after being paired with a US.
conditioned response (CR)
A reaction that resembles an
unconditioned response but is
produced by a conditioned stimulus.
second-order conditioning
A type
of learning in which a CS is paired with
a stimulus that became associated with
the US in an earlier procedure.
extinction
The gradual elimination of a
learned response that occurs when the CS
is repeatedly presented without the US.
spontaneous recovery
The tendency
of a learned behaviour to recover from
extinction after a rest period.
generalization
The CR is observed
even though the CS is slightly different
from the CS used during acquisition.
discrimination
The capacity to
distinguish between similar but
distinct stimuli.
biological preparedness
A propensity for learning particular kinds of associations over other kinds.
