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PSYCH PT2 > Consciousness unit > Flashcards

Consciousness unit Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Is a person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind.

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2
Q

Phenomenology

A

The study of how things seem to the conscious person.

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3
Q

Problem of other minds

A

The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.

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4
Q

Mind-body problem

A

The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body.

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5
Q

Consciousness four basic properties

A

Intentionality
Unity
Selectivity
Transience

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6
Q

Intentionality

A

Which is the quality of being directed towards an object. Consciousness is always about something.

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7
Q

Unity

A

Which is resistance to division, or the ability to integrate information from all of the body’s senses into one coherent whole

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8
Q

Selectivity

A

The capacity to include some objects but not others.

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9
Q

Transience

A

The tendency to change.

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10
Q

Dichotic listening

A

A task in which people wearing headphones hear different messages in each ear

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11
Q

Cocktail-party phenomenon

A

A phenomenon in which people tune in one message even while they filter out others nearby.

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12
Q

Minimal consciousness

A

A low level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behaviour.

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13
Q

Full consciousness

A

A level of consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state

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14
Q

Self-consciousness

A

A distinct level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object.

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15
Q

Mental control

A

The attempt to change conscious states of mind.

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16
Q

Thought suppression

A

The conscious avoidance of a thought.

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17
Q

Rebound effect of thought suppression

A

The tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression.

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18
Q

Ironic processes of mental control

A

A mental process that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them.

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19
Q

Dynamic unconscious

A

Sigmund freud
An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces.

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20
Q

Repression

A

A mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious.
Freud

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21
Q

cognitive unconscious

A

All the mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behaviour even though they are not experienced by the person.

22
Q

dual process theories

A

Theories that suggest that we have two different systems in our brains for processing information: one dedicated to fast, automatic, and unconscious processing, and the other dedicated to slow, effortful, and conscious processing.

23
Q

​​Altered state of consciousness

A

A form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind.

24
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

A naturally occurring 24-hour cycle.

25
Q

REM sleep

A

A stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity.

26
Q

Electrooculograph (EOG)

A

An instrument that measures eye movements.

27
Q

insomnia

A

Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep.

28
Q

sleep apnea

A

A disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.

29
Q

somnambulism (sleepwalking)

A

Occurs when a person arises and walks around while asleep.

30
Q

narcolepsy

A

A disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities.

31
Q

sleep paralysis

A

The experience of waking up unable to move.

32
Q

sleep terrors (night terrors)

A

Abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal.

33
Q

manifest content

A

A dream’s apparent topic or superficial meaning.

34
Q

latent content

A

A dream’s true underlying meaning.

35
Q

activation-synthesis model

A

The theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep.

36
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

Chemicals that influence consciousness or behaviour by altering the brain’s chemical message system.

37
Q

drug tolerance

A

The tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect.

38
Q

Physical dependence

A

refers to the pain, convulsions, hallucinations, or other unpleasant symptoms that accompany withdrawal from drug use.

39
Q

Psychological dependence

A

refers to a strong desire to return to the drug even when physical withdrawal symptoms are gone.

40
Q

Depressants

A

are substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system.

41
Q

Alcohol

A

is king of the depressants, with its worldwide use beginning in prehistory.

42
Q

Expectancy theory

A

refers to the idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations

43
Q

Balanced placebo design:

A

a study designed in which behviour is observed following the presence or absence of an actual stimulus and also following the presence or absence of a placebo stimulus

44
Q

stimulants

A

Substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels.

45
Q

alcohol myopia

A

A condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations.

46
Q

narcotics (opiates)

A

Highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain.

47
Q

hallucinogens

A

Drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations.

48
Q

marijuana (cannabis)

A

The leaves and buds of the hemp plant, which contain a psychoactive drug called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

49
Q

gateway drug

A

A drug whose use increases the risk of the subsequent use of more harmful
drugs.

50
Q

hypnosis

A

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) makes suggestions that lead to a change in another person’s (the participant’s) subjective experience of the world.

51
Q

posthypnotic amnesia

A

The failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget.

52
Q

hypnotic analgesia

A

The reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis.

PSYCH PT2 (4 decks)

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