Learning

Question 1

Classical conditioning

Answer 1

Occurs when two different stimuli come to be associated with one another. Does not require any action on the part of the learner.

Question 2

Operant conditioning

Answer 2

Occurs when a learner operates on their environment to produce a particular result (e.g., learning a trick to receive a treat).

Question 3

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 3

A process in which a previously extinguished response re-emerges following presentation of the conditioned stimulus

Question 4

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 4

A differentiation between two similar stimuli when only one of them is consistently associated with the unconditioned stimulus

Question 5

Second-order conditioning

Answer 5

When something is consistently paired with the conditioned stimulus, without the unconditioned stimulus, and leads to a conditioned response

Question 6

Latent inhibition

Answer 6

The process of inhibiting the learning of associations when first presented with a neutral stimulus representing non-association.

Question 7

Rescorla-Wagner model

Answer 7

A cognitive model of classical conditioning which states that the strength of the CS-US association is determined by the extent to which the US is unexpected or surprising

Question 8

Thorndike’s law of effect

Answer 8

Any behaviour that leads to a “satisfying state of affairs” is more likely occur again, and any behaviour that leads to an “annoying state of affairs” is less likely recur.

Question 9

4 kinds of Operant Conditioning

Answer 9

Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Punishment
Negative punishment

Question 10

First order conditioning

Answer 10

Learning is obtained by associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.