Learning Flashcards
reflexes
innate motor or neuron response to a stimulus
instinct
innate behavior triggered by a broad range of events; infants suckling mother; dog shaking water off wet fur
learning
permanent change to behavior or knowledge that results from experience
behavioral learning
stimulus-response learning; classical and operant conditioning
classical conditioning
associate stimuli with certain events; passive
components of classical conditioning
unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus; unconditioned response; conditioned response
acquisition
learning to associate a stimulus with certain events; building up the stamina
extinction
decrease in conditioned response if response is not re-backed up; stop giving food to dog with the tone and they will stop salivating when they hear just the tone
second-order conditioning
the process of conditioning a response to one stimulus, then using that stimulus/response pair to condition the response to a different stimulus
generalization
responding in a similar way to similar stimuli; salivating at similar tones to the tone that was conditioned
discrimination
learning about differences
operant conditioning
associating a behavior and consequence; requires more active involvement of participant
Skinner’s Box
animal pushes food to get response
reinforcement schedule
when a behavior is reinforced; can predict behavior
fixed ratio
reinforcement after a particular number of responses; every 5 responses, reward
variable ratio
reinforcement after an average number of responses; could be 5, could be 10, but will get rewarded after average of 8
fixed interval
reinforcement after set time interval; every two minutes, a response can be rewarded
variable interval
reinforcement after an average time period; might be able to reinforce after 2 minutes or 6 minutes, but on average, 4 minutes
coast guard pigeons
trained to peck when they saw orange or red
cognitive learning
involves mental representation; large part of research is rats in mazes
cognitive map
drawing a map from your mind
short cut maze
rats will always take the shortest past; if one is blocked, it will turn around and take shortest path
latent learning
learning without reward; if there was no food until day 11, then food after that, they could apply what they learned
radial maze
rats would remember which arm of the radial maze they have been down based on exterior visual cues
water maze
drop rat in water, colored quadrants of the maze; will find the platform to escape; next time they will know which quadrant the platform is in
insight learning
think about a problem then
