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Learing Aim B Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for a low pulse rate?

A

Bradycardia

Bradycardia refers to a slower than normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute.

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2
Q

What are common symptoms associated with low pulse rate?

A
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Breathlessness, particularly on exercise

These symptoms can indicate insufficient blood flow to the body.

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3
Q

What is the term for a high pulse rate?

A

Tachycardia

Tachycardia refers to a faster than normal heart rate, usually over 100 beats per minute.

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4
Q

What are the risks associated with high pulse rate?

A
  • Dizziness
  • Heart attack risk
  • Stroke risk
  • High blood pressure

These risks highlight the potential dangers of sustained tachycardia.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: A low pulse rate is known as _______.

A

Bradycardia

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: A high pulse rate is known as _______.

A

Tachycardia

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7
Q

How do you calculate your pulse rate?

A

Count your beats for 10 seconds, then multiply by 6 to calculate beats per minute (bpm)

For example, if you measure 12 beats in 10 seconds, then 12 x 6 = 72 bpm

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8
Q

What is the average resting pulse rate?

A

The average resting pulse rate is between 60-100 bpm

This varies for each individual.

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9
Q

How do you determine your maximum heart rate?

A

Subtract your age from 220

This gives you the maximum number of beats per minute that is safe for you.

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10
Q

What is resting pulse rate?

A

The rate of your pulse when you are not moving.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: To calculate beats per minute (bpm), count your beats for 10 seconds and then multiply by _______.

A

6

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12
Q

True or False: The resting pulse rate is the same for everyone.

A

False

The resting pulse rate varies for each individual.

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13
Q

What is the term for a low pulse rate?

A

Bradycardia

Bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate that is lower than normal

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14
Q

List three causes of bradycardia.

A
  • Dehydration
  • Drug/alcohol misuse
  • Age (older)

Other possible causes may include genetic conditions.

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15
Q

What is the term for a high pulse rate?

A

Tachycardia

Tachycardia is defined as a pulse rate that is higher than normal.

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16
Q

List three causes of tachycardia.

A
  • Smoking/vaping
  • Caffeine/sugar
  • Stress (adrenaline)

Additional causes can include genetic conditions, exercise, illness/fever, and obesity.

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17
Q

True or False: Genetic conditions can cause both bradycardia and tachycardia.

A

True

Genetic conditions can affect heart rate in both directions.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: A high pulse rate can be caused by _______.

A

Stress (adrenaline)

Stress can lead to an increased heart rate due to adrenaline release.

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19
Q

What lifestyle factor is associated with both bradycardia and tachycardia?

A

Genetic conditions

Genetic factors can influence heart rate variability.

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20
Q

What is the definition of hypertension?

A

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is when blood pressure is over 120/80 mmHg.

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21
Q

What is considered high blood pressure?

A

Blood pressure over 120/80 mmHg.

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22
Q

List three possible causes of high blood pressure.

A
  • Obesity
  • High salt intake
  • Lack of physical activity
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23
Q

What should you do if you are in danger of developing high blood pressure?

A

Get help.

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24
Q

What are the categories of blood pressure?

A
  • Danger
  • Elevated
  • Normal
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25
What are the exact causes of high blood pressure?
Not known ## Footnote While exact causes are not identified, several risk factors contribute to high blood pressure.
26
List factors that increase the risk of high blood pressure.
* High salt intake or salt sensitivity * Smoking * Overweight or obesity * Lack of physical activity * Too much alcohol consumption * Stress * Age above 40 * Genetics
27
True or False: Genetics is a factor that can increase the risk of high blood pressure.
True
28
Fill in the blank: A lack of _______ can increase the risk of high blood pressure.
physical activity
29
At what age does the risk of high blood pressure increase significantly?
Above 40 ## Footnote Age is a significant risk factor for developing high blood pressure.
30
How does high salt intake affect blood pressure?
Increases risk ## Footnote High salt intake or sensitivity can lead to elevated blood pressure levels.
31
What lifestyle factor is associated with high blood pressure and involves the use of tobacco?
Smoking ## Footnote Smoking is a well-known risk factor for various health issues, including high blood pressure.
32
Fill in the blank: Too much _______ consumption can increase the risk of high blood pressure.
alcohol
33
What is a common psychological factor that can contribute to high blood pressure?
Stress ## Footnote Chronic stress may lead to temporary increases in blood pressure, contributing to long-term hypertension.
34
How does being overweight or obese relate to high blood pressure?
Increases risk ## Footnote Excess body weight is associated with a higher likelihood of developing hypertension.
35
What is considered low blood pressure?
Blood pressure below 90/60 mmHg
36
What are potential consequences of low blood pressure?
Dizziness, fainting, or falls
37
Fill in the blank: Low blood pressure can reduce the volume of blood to the _______.
[brain]
38
True or False: Low blood pressure can lead to fainting.
True
39
What should you write on your worksheet regarding low blood pressure?
A definition of low blood pressure
40
What is low blood pressure also known as?
Hypotension ## Footnote Hypotension refers to blood pressure that is lower than the normal range.
41
List some causes of low blood pressure.
* Old age * Diet * Injury and bleeding * Pregnancy * Dehydration * Time of the day * Environmental temperature * Stress * Illness * Certain medications ## Footnote Each of these factors can contribute to an individual's blood pressure levels.
42
How does dehydration affect blood pressure?
It results from excessive sweating, vomiting, or diarrhoea. ## Footnote Dehydration decreases blood volume, leading to lower blood pressure.
43
At what time of day is blood pressure typically lowest?
Overnight ## Footnote Blood pressure tends to rise a few hours before waking up.
44
What effect does environmental temperature have on blood pressure?
A warm temperature usually lowers BP. ## Footnote Heat can cause blood vessels to dilate, which may lower blood pressure.
45
True or False: Stress increases blood pressure.
True ## Footnote Stress causes the body to release hormones that temporarily elevate blood pressure.
46
What are some illnesses that can cause low blood pressure?
* Allergy * Heart diseases * Anaemia * Neurological disorders ## Footnote These conditions can affect blood flow and pressure regulation.
47
Certain medications can cause low blood pressure. Name a type of medication that can have this effect.
Medications for treating heart diseases ## Footnote Other examples include those for high blood pressure and Parkinson's disease.
48
What is a common symptom of low blood pressure?
Dizziness ## Footnote Dizziness can also be caused by medication and sometimes diabetes.
49
Is low blood pressure usually a significant health problem?
No ## Footnote Low blood pressure is often not associated with serious health issues.
50
What are some potential consequences of high blood pressure?
* Heart disease * Stroke * Dementia * Kidney disease ## Footnote High blood pressure can lead to severe health complications over time.
51
What is peak flow?
A measurement of how quickly you can blow air out of your lungs.
52
Why is peak flow important?
It allows health professionals to identify any breathing difficulties.
53
Fill in the blank: Peak flow is a measurement of how quickly you can _______ air out of your lungs.
blow
54
True or False: Peak flow is not a useful health indicator.
False
55
What is peak flow?
A measurement of how quickly you can blow air out of your lungs.
56
Why is peak flow important?
It allows health professionals to identify any breathing difficulties.
57
Fill in the blank: Peak flow is a measurement of how quickly you can _______ air out of your lungs.
blow
58
True or False: Peak flow is not a useful health indicator.
False
59
What can lower than average readings indicate?
Lung problems such as: * Asthma * Emphysema * Bronchitis * Cystic Fibrosis * Lung cancer * Acute illness e.g. COVID ## Footnote These conditions can affect lung function and result in lower than normal readings.
60
Name a lung problem associated with lower than average readings.
Asthma ## Footnote Asthma is a chronic condition that inflames and narrows the airways.
61
Which lung condition is characterized by damaged air sacs and lower airflow?
Emphysema ## Footnote Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
62
What lung problem is often associated with chronic cough and mucus production?
Bronchitis ## Footnote Bronchitis can be acute or chronic and affects the bronchial tubes.
63
What does CF stand for in relation to lung problems?
Cystic Fibrosis ## Footnote Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system.
64
What serious lung condition can be indicated by lower than average readings?
Lung cancer ## Footnote Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide.
65
What acute illness can lead to lower than average lung function readings?
COVID ## Footnote COVID-19 can cause severe respiratory issues.
66
What does lower than average peak flow readings indicate?
Lung problems such as: * Asthma * Emphysema * Bronchitis * CF * Lung cancer * Acute illness e.g. COVID ## Footnote CF refers to Cystic Fibrosis, a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system.
67
What is peak flow used to measure?
The maximum speed of expiration from the lungs ## Footnote Peak flow is commonly used in monitoring respiratory conditions.
68
True or False: A peak flow reading can help in diagnosing lung cancer.
True ## Footnote Lower peak flow readings can be indicative of various lung diseases, including lung cancer.
69
Fill in the blank: Lower than average peak flow readings can indicate _______.
[lung problems] ## Footnote This includes specific conditions like asthma and bronchitis.
70
What does BMI stand for?
Body Mass Index
71
What does BMI measure?
The amount of fat on your body in relation to your height
72
What is the purpose of BMI?
To tell you if your weight is healthy
73
True or False: BMI is an absolute measure of health.
False
74
Fill in the blank: BMI is used to assess the amount of _______ on your body.
fat
75
What is the BMI range for underweight?
Less than 18.5
76
What is the BMI range for healthy weight?
Between 18.5 and 24.9
77
What is the BMI range for overweight?
Between 25 and 29.9
78
What is the BMI range for obese?
Between 30 and 34.9
79
What is the BMI range for severely obese?
Between 35 and 39.9
80
What is the BMI range for morbidly obese?
40 or over
81
What does a BMI of less than 18.5 indicate?
Underweight
82
What does a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 indicate?
Healthy weight
83
What does a BMI between 25 and 29.9 indicate?
Overweight
84
What does a BMI between 30 and 34.9 indicate?
Obese
85
What does a BMI between 35 and 39.9 indicate?
Severely obese
86
What does a BMI of 40 or over indicate?
Morbidly obese
87
What might classify an athlete as overweight?
High body weight ## Footnote This classification does not necessarily indicate poor health.
88
Why can athletes have a high Body Mass Index (BMI) yet be healthy?
They often have a large amount of muscle, which is heavier than fat.
89
What is a limitation of using BMI as a health indicator?
It does not always give an accurate picture of health.
90
Give an example of athletes who may be classified as overweight due to muscle mass.
Rugby players or weightlifters.
91
Fill in the blank: An athlete might be classed as overweight because they have a high body weight, but this does not always mean they are _______.
unhealthy
92
True or False: BMI is a reliable measure of health for all athletes.
False
93
What are lifestyle indicators?
Factors that reflect an individual's health, including diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption ## Footnote Lifestyle indicators can provide insights into overall health and risk factors for diseases.
94
What is the BMI range for underweight?
Less than 18.5 ## Footnote BMI (Body Mass Index) is a measure used to classify individuals based on their weight relative to their height.
95
What BMI range is considered normal?
18.5 to 24.9 ## Footnote Maintaining a normal BMI is associated with lower health risks.
96
What are the health effects of smoking?
Teeth, skin, nails damage; increased risk of dementia and cancer; respiratory issues ## Footnote Smoking is linked to various health problems, including lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
97
What respiratory conditions are associated with smoking?
COPD, asthma, emphysema ## Footnote These conditions can significantly impact quality of life and respiratory function.
98
What are potential outcomes of smoking during pregnancy?
Low birth weight, premature birth, miscarriage ## Footnote Smoking can adversely affect fetal development and pregnancy outcomes.
99
What are the mental health benefits of quitting smoking?
Reduced anxiety, depression, and stress; improved mood ## Footnote Many individuals experience enhanced mental well-being after quitting smoking.
100
True or False: Quitting smoking has no positive impact on mental health.
False ## Footnote Evidence suggests that quitting smoking can lead to improved mental health outcomes.
101
Fill in the blank: A BMI of _______ is considered underweight.
18.5 or less ## Footnote BMI is a key indicator used to assess weight categories.
102
List three lifestyle indicators.
* Smoking * Alcohol consumption * Diet ## Footnote These indicators help assess health risks and lifestyle choices.
103
What types of support are available for quitting smoking?
One-to-one and group support ## Footnote Includes drop-in services depending on location.
104
Where can you access smoking cessation services?
Local GP surgery, pharmacy, high-street shop, mobile bus clinic ## Footnote Services may vary by location.
105
What are some common barriers to quitting smoking?
Knowing how to quit, stress management, boredom, social acceptability, lack of support ## Footnote These barriers can hinder the quitting process.
106
Fill in the blank: One reason people smoke is _______.
stress management
107
What immediate effect can smoking cessation have?
You start to see almost immediate improvements ## Footnote Benefits may include better health and reduced cravings.
108
How can boredom be addressed when quitting smoking?
Support with new hobbies ## Footnote Engaging in new activities can help distract from cravings.
109
What informal support can help someone quit smoking?
Family and friends ## Footnote Their encouragement can be crucial in the quitting process.
110
What is a suggested strategy for managing stress when quitting smoking?
Counseling and health alternatives ## Footnote Finding healthy ways to cope with stress can aid in quitting.
111
What is the effect of high bioabressure?
Physical health load ## Footnote High bioabressure can lead to various health issues.
112
What are some potential effects of liver damage?
* Reduce fertility * Cancer (e.g. breast cancer) * Weight gain * Weakened immune system ## Footnote Liver damage can have serious long-term health implications.
113
What is a short-term effect of alcohol consumption?
* Dehydration * Vomiting * Headaches * Memory issues * Affects sleeping ## Footnote Short-term alcohol effects can significantly impact daily functioning.
114
Fill in the blank: High bioabressure can lead to _______.
[Physical health load]
115
True or False: Liver damage can improve fertility.
False
116
List some long-term effects of alcohol.
* Liver damage * Cancer * Weakened immune system * Memory issues ## Footnote Long-term alcohol consumption can lead to severe health problems.
117
What are some effects of short-term alcohol use?
* Dehydration * Vomiting * Headaches * Memory issues * Affects sleeping ## Footnote These effects can occur shortly after alcohol consumption.
118
Fill in the blank: High bioabressure can reduce _______.
[Fertility]
119
What is a consequence of liver damage related to cancer?
Increased risk of breast cancer ## Footnote Liver health is crucial for overall cancer risk management.
120
What are the effects of alcohol on the brain?
Loss of coordination, poor judgment, slowed reflexes, distorted vision, loss of memory, blackouts ## Footnote These effects can impair daily functioning and increase the risk of accidents.
121
How does alcohol affect the heart?
Rises blood pressure, increases heart rate, causes abnormal heartbeats, increases heart size ## Footnote These changes can lead to serious cardiovascular issues over time.
122
What are the implications of drinking alcohol on the stomach?
Contributes to empty calories, potential weight gain, can cause vomiting, stomach ulcers, and cancer ## Footnote Alcohol is toxic to the stomach lining and can lead to serious gastrointestinal problems.
123
What diseases can be caused by excessive alcohol consumption in the liver?
Cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver cancer ## Footnote These conditions severely impair liver function and can be life-threatening.
124
What effects does heavy drinking have on the reproductive system?
Causes painful periods, heavy flow, PMS discomfort, irregular periods, increases risk of sexual assault and unsafe sex ## Footnote The reproductive impacts can affect overall health and well-being.
125
Fill in the blank: Drinking alcohol leads to __________ in the brain.
loss of coordination
126
True or False: Alcohol consumption can increase the size of your heart.
True
127
Fill in the blank: Drinking alcohol can cause __________ ulcers.
stomach
128
What is cirrhosis?
A disease of the liver caused by excessive alcohol consumption ## Footnote Cirrhosis leads to a decline in liver function and increases the risk of liver failure.
129
What are the potential risks associated with heavy drinking and sexual behavior?
Increased risk of sexual assault, unsafe sex ## Footnote Alcohol impairs judgment and can lead to dangerous situations.

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