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history igcse > league of nations, 1920s > Flashcards

league of nations, 1920s Flashcards

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1
Q

Aims of the league disarmament and prevention of war

A

All major nations would join the league and disarm-decrease in arm races
Everyone has to do it
No army needed because of League of Nations

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2
Q

Aims of the league discourage aggression

A

If any member broke the covenant other members would:
Stop training with x country
Send troops to stop fighting
Resolve disputes between countries

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3
Q

Aims of the league collective security

A

Covenant: promised to protect one another if invaded
ARTICLE 10
No one will attack any one due to LoN reaction- protect its own members
Strength in numbers

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4
Q

Aims of the league international cooperation

A

If a country had a dispute with another country they would take it to the league, to prevent future wars

  • border disputes
  • trade agreements
  • military agreements- mainly disarmament
  • peace treaties
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5
Q

Aims of the league improving living conditions

A 
Improve working and living conditions 
Cure diseases globally (malaria)
Tackle slavery,crime...
Improve medicine
Anti-drugs campaign
Help solve Humanitarian crisis
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6
Q

What did GB. Think that the league should be?

A

Small organization
LoN might threaten large countries
Only for emergencies
GB wants to protect its empire and doesn’t want LoN to. Control it

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7
Q

What did France think LoN should be

A

Strong league with own army, like un

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8
Q

What did US think the league should be

A

World parliament
Meets regularly
Representative from each country

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9
Q

Why were high expectations for LoN a problem

A

High hopes with disarmament - led to disappointment

One organization can’t solve all world problems

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10
Q

Early problem with. Non participation and resentment of defeated nations

A

Germany not invited cuz “war mongering”
USSR not invited cuz communist
Anger at treaties that formed LoN

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11
Q

Reasons why the USA doesn’t join the league

A

They’re isolationists don’t want to intervene in global affairs and be dragged into wws
Some Americans angry at ToV. German americans
Don’t want to harm us economy and don’t want to be restricted economically with trade
Fear that European powers will dominate LoN

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12
Q

Potential strengths of the new league

A

Many members “herd protection” benefits smaller more vulnerable nations -started with 42members by 1930s. 59
World parliament good for diplomacy
-theoretically less wars
-better communication bw countries
-more trade opportunities
Involvement of Britain and france
-very powerful countries meaning smaller countries may feel protected

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13
Q

Potential weakness of the league

A

Some countries didn’t join
-disarmament less likely to occur as enemies would still have a big army
League lacks army
-had to borrow armies from other countries
Domination of Britain and france for their own interests
-could use their power for their own benefits
-unfair on other countries

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14
Q

Members that joined late or left the league early

A 
Austria joined 1920
Germany joined 1926 left.  1933
Japan. Left 1933
Turkey joined1932
USSR joined 1934
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15
Q

Why were B and F not suitable leaders for the LoN

A

Both weakened by the war and were mote concerned with economic recovery and their empire

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16
Q

Structure of LoN Secretariat

A

Civil service paperwork and kept records
Carried out LoNs decisions
Brought together experts from across the world on key issues-health disarmament Econ matters

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17
Q

Structure of League council

A 
Made important decisions
4permanent members(B,F,J,It)
Temp members elected by assembly for 3yr periods
Met 4-5 times a year
Decisions had to be unanimous 
Supervised special commissions
RANGE OF POWERS
Moral condemnation
Econ+finance sanctions 
Military force
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18
Q

Structure of league, Assembly

A

Met once a year
Decisions unanimous
Discuss things- don’t decide
Voted on admitting new members

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19
Q

Structure of league international labour organisation

A

Discussed working conditions
Tried to make countries make improvements
ILO brought together employers, governments and workers’ representatives

20
Q

Structure of league permanent court of justice

A

Team of judges
Settled disputes b\w countries (border disputes, fishing rights)
Couldn’t make countries obey its decisions. (No army)
Based in Hague

21
Q

Structure of league mandates commission

A

Aim:make sure b+f acted in interest of ppl. Not its own

22
Q

Structure of league the Refugees committee

A 
After ww1- high number of refugees 
Gave refugees shelter 100kppl housed in refugee camps 
Most. Pressing problems:
Former Russian territories
Balkans
Greece
Armenia
Turkey
23
Q

Structure of league the. Slavery commision

A

Worked to abolish slavery worldwide-main issue east africa
Helped workers treated like slaves
Freed 200,000 slaves from Sierra Leone
Reduced death rates from 50% to 4% on Tanganyika railway

24
Q

Structure of league- health committee

A

Helped with problem of dangerous diseases and educated ppl. On health and sanitation
Developed disease-fighting programs

25
Q

Problems with the league’s structure

A

Assembly only met once a year and had little power
Council didn’t include all members-dominated. By B+F and their self interest
No army, can’t enforce its decisions
Decisions must be unanimous-often disagree w\ each other
- takes a long time to make decisions, when there is a crisis you need to act rapidly
Countries excluded
-usa-own choice
-Germany-warmongering
-USSR-communist

26
Q

Upper Silesia, 1921

A

B/w ger+pol created a border dispute bc of ToV
LoN oversaw peaceful plebiscites-self determination
Success because both countries accepted decision

27
Q

Aaland Islands, 1921

A

B/w Finland and Sweden both wanted them so Sweden threatened a war
LoN suggested islands should go to Finland- int. Court of justice
Sweden accepted league ruling and let islands go to Fin

28
Q

Greek-Bulgarian war, 1925

A

Soldiers patrolling border fired one another and a Greek soldier was killed, Gs army invaded Bulgaria
LoN ordered armies to stop fighting. Ordered gs to leave bulg
LoN decided that G was to blame and fined with $45k
Army withdrew

29
Q

Vilna, 1920

A

Polish-Lithuanian dispute 1920-1929
Poland took control of Vilna
L appealed to LoN which protested to Poland. F+B didn’t. Want to actas it was to close to the USSR and ger
Failure bc Poland didn’t pull out

30
Q

Corfu crisis,1923

A

Border b/w Greece and Albania. Tellini and team were ambushed and killed 15ppl died
Mussolini furious, blamed G govt for murder
G appealed to LoN for help, Muss got his actions condemned, suggested G pay compensation
B+F didn’t stand together therefore they didn’t act
Muss occupied Corfu and put Ts death as an excuse
Weakened the league as Mussolini ignored league and appealed to the council of ambassadors
-makes a mockery of the league

31
Q

Geneva protocol, 1924

A

If 2 members were in dispute, they would have to ask the league to sort out disagreement and would have to accept council’s decision
Conservative govt in b refused to sign protocol
Weakened league as it showed that national governments could just ignore the league

32
Q

Washington conference, 1921

A

USA, Britain, france and Japan agree to limit the size of their navies
Failure as it didn’t significantly disarm them

33
Q

Rapallo treaty, 1922

A

USSR and ger re establish diplomatic relations and trade agreements
Bad effect on the league as it didn’t host or organize it and two non members allying was bad

34
Q

Dawes plan and Young plan, 1924-29

A

Ger reparations reduced and extended over a longer period of time.
France and belgium agree to withdraw from Ruhr.
Usa offers large loans to Ger, ToV repayment reduced and German economy stabilizes
Very positive as g is receiving international co operation

35
Q

Locarno treaties, 1925

A

Germany accepts its western borders( as per ToV) and prepares to join league in 1926
Extremely positive as g is being welcomed into LoN

36
Q

Kellog-Briand pact, 1928

A

65 countries agree to outlaw war as a method to settle disputes
Positive although it isn’t specific enough and, no deadline, so very successful but not entirely

37
Q

Leagues successes and failures at solving international disputes

A 
SUCCESSES:
Aaland islands
-upper Silesia 
-Greek-Bulgarian war
-Locarno treaties

FAILURES

  • Corfu *permanent member going against league
  • Vilna
  • dominated by b+f who were selfish
38
Q

League’s successes and failures on disarmament and prevention of war

A

SUCCESSES

  • Able to encourage disarmament- Washington naval Pact
  • no major wars in 1920s
  • Kellogg-Briand pact,1928

FAILURES:

  • major nations very reluctant to disarm
  • G only country to disarm
39
Q

League’s succ and failures when dealing with Econ problems

A

SUCCESS:

  • improved working conditions
  • d+y plan for. Germany
  • facilitates international trade

FAILURE:
-ILO often ignored

40
Q

Leagues succ and failures when improving conditions in the world

A

Success :

  • freed. 200k slaves from Sierra Leone
  • re-homed 400k refugees
  • health committee very successful

Failure:
LoN under- resourced, ran out of money

41
Q

How did the LoN improve working conditions

A

Improved working hours for small children
Eliminated poisonous substances(white leads)from working areas
Max 48 hours working week and max. 8hrs a day-ignored by many companies
Couldn’t do anything to countries/organizations that broke its regulations-powerless

42
Q

How did LoN work for better world health

A

Sponsored research onto infectious diseases
Institutes in Singapore and London helped develop vaccines and meds to fight diseases
Treatment for malaria in africa
Health committee one of the most successful of Lons organizations

43
Q

How did LoN improve social problems

A

Freed 200k slaves from Sierra Leone
Reduced death rates from 50% to 4% on Tanganyika railway
Blacklisted 4 companies involved in illegal drug trade
Kept records on drug trafficking, slavery and prostitution

44
Q

How did the LoN improve transport

A

Produced international Highway Code for road users

Marked shipping lanes

45
Q

How did the LoN help refugees

A

400k prisoners of war returned to their homes by LoN
100ks of ppl housed in refugee camps bc of war in Turkey,1922
League worked quickly to stamp out cholera, smallpox and dysentery

history igcse (5 decks)

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