League of Nations Flashcards
Why did America not want to join League? [4]
1)German ancestors hated ToV
2)Sanctions might affect American trade and buisinesses
3)Feared had to send soldiers to every conflict, didn’t want casualties
4)Anti-empires, feared League will be dominated by B&F, did not want to help defend their empires
When was Wilson defeated?
1919
When did Wilson try again? Defeated by how many votes? What happened to him?
March 1920, 49 to 35, fell ill
Democrats defeated by whom?
isolationist Republican Warren Harding, won by landslide
aims of league (ACDC)
…and more [7]
discourage AGGRESSION
encourage COOPERATION
encourage DISARMAMENT
improve living and working CONDITIONS
uphold ToV
resolve disputes peacefully
encourage collective security
League’s steps when country shows aggression [4]
arbitration
moral condemnation
sanctions
collective security
How many members by 1930s?
58
Assembly [8]
unanimous voting
met once per year
representative from every country
controlled League’s budget
elected judges of permanent court
recommend action to council
voted on admitting new members
voted on election of temporary members of council
Council [5]
dealt with emergencies
resolved disputes by arbitration->…
supervised work of commisions
permanent members had veto
temporary members elected by assembly for 3 years periods
Secretariat [4]
kept records of meetings
civil service for members
prepared reports
brought together experts globally on key issues
Court [5]
based in Hague, Netherlands
could make decisions on border disputes when asked
settled disputes peacefully
made of judges from member countries
could pass any law
Refugees [3]
1922 turkey refugee crisis set up camps and fought cholera, smallpox and dysentry
425000 refugees returned to homes
450000 nansen passports issued
ILO [4]
banned poisonous white lead from paints
48 hour week, 8 hour day
aimed to improve working condions all over world
limited hours small children allowed to work
Health [5]
set up institutes in Denmark, London and Singapore to develop vaccines
reduced spread of malaria and yellow fever
prevented typhoid epidemic in USSR
worked well with non league countries
one of the most successful, became WHO
Slavery [3]
freed 200000 slaves in Sierra-Leone, abolished slavery there in 1927
organised raids against slave owners in Burma
reduced death rate in Tanganyika railway from 50% to 4%
Economic commisions [3]
1922 rescue plan for Austrian economy
Dawe’s plan
reduced tension by increasing trade
Aaaland Islands [4]
1921 finland and sweden
finland and sweden both claim islands
sweden accepts league’s ruling that islands belong to finland
as safeguard, no military personnel located there
Vilna [4]
1920-29, poland and lithuania
1920 poland took control of lituania’s capital
league told poland to leave, agreed, then changed mind
france and britain not prepared to act
Upper Silesian settlement [5]
1921, Germany and Poland
March, League oversaw peaceful plebscite
68% german, 32% polish
divided area between Germany and Poland
Poland to have industrial areas, both agreed
Upper Silesian settlement [5]
1921, Germany and Poland
March, League oversaw peaceful plebscite
68% german, 32% polish
divided area between Germany and Poland
Poland to have industrial areas, both agreed
Corfu [9]
Greece and Italy 1923
Conference of ambassadors appointed Tellni to supervise border between Greece and Albania
Aug 27, Tellini killed
Aug 31, Mussolini invades Corfu
Sep 7, League orders Italy to leave
Mussolini refused, insisted Conference to take case
Conference ordered Italy to leave, Greeks pay
failed to stop Italy even when Greece asked for help
powerless against powerful countries
Greece Bulgaria [5]
1925
Oct 1925, Greek soldiers killed on border, invade Bulgaria
League ordered Greek forces to leave, Greeks pay 45000, threatened with sanctions
complained there was one rule for bigger nations and another for smaller ones
When did french and belgium troops invade ruhr
jan 1923
washington naval agreement
1921
Rapallo treaty [3]
1922
USSR and Germany reestablished diplomatic relations
Germany returned reparations and land
Locarno [4]
1925
accepted borders w/ france and belgium
agreed to discuss german league membership
agreed rhineland permanently demilitarised
Kellogg-Briand [4]
1928
65 nations agree not to use force to resolve dispute
outlaw war and settle disputes by peaceful means
aka pact of paris, Germany joined League 1926
Depression date and effects [7]
oct 29. 1929
mass unemployment
bankruptcy
rearmament-tension
ineffective sanctions
more likely to use military force
rise in extremsim
Manchuria date
1931-1933
invasion 1 manchuria
sep 18 1931
china appeals to league
dec 1931
invasion 2 manchuria + jehol + left league
1933, invaded jehol, left league march 27th 1933
failures of disarmament conference [2]
took more than 10 years for meeting
B&F divided on issue
Abyssinia
1934-35
Wal-wal
Dec 1934
Haile selassie [4]
appeals to league
spoke to league in june 1936
criticised league
declared war on italy 3rd oct 1935
Stresa pact
April 1935
full scale Abyssinian invasion
Oct 1935
Reasons for Abyssinian invasion [4]
rich w/ natural resources
revenge for defeat in 1896
Mussolini seeking glory and conquest
civilise abyssinia
Abyssinian sanctions [5]
arm sales
imports from italy
tin, rubber and metals
did not ban oil
did not ban coal
Hoare-Laval pact [2]
Dec 1935
2/3 of abyssinia to italy
Failures of Abyssinian crisis [5]
Suez canal
Hoare-laval
ineffective sanctions
self-interests
too slow
Manchurian crisis causes [4]
depression hit badly
china and usa put tariffs against japanese goods
japan wanted to expand empire
wanted resources
