Leadership & Navigation

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Factors that initiate, direct, and sustain human behavior over time.

Question 2

Coercive leadership approach

Answer 2

Leadership approach in which the leader imposes a vision or solution on the team and demands that the team follow this directive.

Question 3

Authoritative leadership approach

Answer 3

Leadership approach in which the leader proposes a bold vision or solution and invites the team to join this challenge.

Question 4

Affiliative leadership approach

Answer 4

Leadership approach in which the leader creates strong relationships with and inside the team; team members are motivated by loyalty.

Question 5

Democratic leadership approach

Answer 5

Leadership approach in which the leader invites followers to collaborate and commits to acting by consensus.

Question 6

Pacesetting leadership approach

Answer 6

Leadership approach in which the leader sets a model for high performance standards and challenges followers to meet these expectations.

Question 7

Coaching leadership approach

Answer 7

Leadership approach in which the leader focuses on developing team members’ skills, believing that success comes from aligning the organization’s goals with employees’ personal and professional goals

Question 8

Trait theory

Answer 8

Leadership theory that states that leaders possess certain innate characteristics that followers do not possess (and probably cannot acquire), such as physical characteristics and personality traits.

Question 9

Behavioral theories

Answer 9

Category of leadership theories that states that leaders influence group members through certain behaviors; includes Blake-Mouton theory

Question 10

Situational theories

Answer 10

Category of leadership theories that states that leaders can flex their behaviors to meet the needs of unique situations, employing both task or directive behaviors and relationship or supportive behaviors; includes Hersey-Blanchard situational leadership, Fiedler’s contingency theory, and path-goal theory.

Question 11

Emergent theory

Answer 11

Leadership theory that states that leaders are not appointed but emerge from the group, which chooses the leader based on interactions

Question 12

Transactional leadership

Answer 12

Leadership theory that emphasizes a leader’s preference for order and structure; focuses on control and short-term planning.

Question 13

Transformational leadership

Answer 13

Leadership theory that emphasizes a leader’s ability to inspire employees to embrace change; leaders encourage and motivate employees to innovate and seek out changes that can add value and growth to the organization.

Question 14

Leader-member exchange theory

Answer 14

Leadership theory that focuses on a two-way relationship between leaders and chosen employees; the leader mentors selected team members and gives them access to more information and resources in order to strengthen levels of trust and support

Question 15

Servant leadership

Answer 15

Leadership theory in which the leaders’ goal is to serve the needs of their employees; emphasizes the sharing of power.

Question 16

Legitimate power

Answer 16

Power that is created formally, through a title or position in the hierarchy that is associated with the rights of leadership.

Question 17

Reward power

Answer 17

Power that is created when the leader can offer followers something they value in exchange for their commitment

Question 18

Expert power

Answer 18

Power that is created when a leader is recognized as possessing great intelligence, insight, or experience.

Question 19

Referent power

Answer 19

Power that is created by the force of the leader’s personality.

Question 20

Coercive power

Answer 20

Power that is created when the leader can punish those who do not follow

Question 21

Theory X/Theory Y

Answer 21

Motivation theories dealing with the amount of control in the workplace; motivation is seen as either absolutely irrelevant or absolutely critical.

Question 22

Needs theory

Answer 22

Motivation theory that states that individuals are motivated by a desire to satisfy certain needs and that understanding these needs allows leaders to offer the right incentives and create the most motivational external environments; includes self-determination and theories of Maslow, Herzberg, and McClelland

Question 23

Expectancy theory

Answer 23

Motivation theory that states that effort increases in relation to one’s confidence that the behavior will result in a positive outcome and reward; includes Vroom’s theory.

Question 24

Attribution theory

Answer 24

Motivation theory that states that the way a person interprets the causes for past success or failure is related to the present level of motivation; includes theories of Heider and Weiner.

Question 25

Goal-setting theory

Answer 25

Theory that states that motivation can be increased by providing employees with goals against which they can assess their achievement.

Question 26

Equity theory

Answer 26

Theory that states that motivation is based on an employee’s sense of fairness; the individual compares their perceived value with that of others in similar roles and makes a calculation based on their inputs and outputs.