LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT Flashcards
Leader vs. Manager
Doing things right
Manager
Leader vs. Manager
Focuses on system
Manager
Leader vs. Manager
Asks what and why
Leader
Leader vs. Manager
Administer and Make decision
manager
Leader vs Manager
Ask how and when
Manager
Leader vs Manager
Develops and inspire trust
Leader
Leader vs Manager
Innovative and Open for changes
Leader
Leader vs Manager
Focus on people
Leader
LEADERS ARE BORN NOT MADE
GREAT MAN
LEADERSHIP TRAITS ARE INHERITED
TRAIT THEORY
LEADERS CAN ADAPT TO SITUATION
SITUATIONAL THEORY
When to give the reward or positive reinforcement
immediately after the activity
LEADERSHIP ARE MADE NOT BORN
BEHAVIORAL THEORY
MNEMONICS IN TRANSACTIONAL THEORY
PAL
P: Powered by punishment and reward
A: Accomplish a predetermined goal
L: Leads the people
leadership type that motivate the subordinates
Transformational/Relationship Theory
mnemonics in Transformational/Relationship Theory
Mnemonic: CHUM
C: Communication is the base for goal achievement
H: Highly visible - hands on
U: Utilizes the chain of command
M: Motivational
BLAKE MOUTON MANAGERIAL GRID
Low concern for people, High Concern for result
Produce or Perish Management
Leader asks for suggestions and opinions of the member before arriving on a final decision
PARTICIPATIVE THEORY
Leader inspires the members towards the
achievement of their goal
PATH GOAL THEORY
BLAKE MOUTON MANAGERIAL GRID
Low concern for people, low concern for results
impoverished management
BLAKE MOUTON MANAGERIAL GRID
low concern for result, high concern for people
Country Club Management
BLAKE MOUTON MANAGERIAL GRID
High concern for people, High concern for results
Team management
BLAKE MOUTON MANAGERIAL GRID
balance in concern for people and result
Middle of the road management
Pre-determining a course of action in order to arrive at a desired result
planning
→ Short range planning
→ Day to day span
Operational Planning
→ Long range planning
→ Extends from 3-5 years in the future
Strategic Planning
Who are involve in operational planning
head nurse, charge nurse, team leader
Who are involve in strategic planning
CEO, president, admin, medical director, chief nurse
Vision in planning
Desired future condition
3-5 years in the future
Mission in planning
TR Services
Target clients
Reason for existence
Services Offered
Goal in planning
-Future roles and function of the organization with specific timeframe
-Desired condition should be achieved within 1 year
expected generated income of the organization within 1 year
revenue budget
Expected activity in operational and financial term in 1 year (routine gastos)
expense budget
non routine gastos
capital budget
example of capital budget
Repainting of walls, New building, Purchase of doors and windows
a type of budget that a money in on hand of the organization, for emergency purposes
cash budget
type of managers creates both strategic and operational planning
responsible for implementation
Middle level managers
example of expense budget
Salary, Bills, Rent
type of managers who creates strategic planning, creates rules, regulations, and policies, establishes the mission, vision, philosophy and makes the final decision
TOP LEVEL MANAGERS
type of managers who creates only operational planning, deals with immediate problem
First line managers
Lines of communication: staff nurse to manager
upward communication
example of upward communication
Resignation, Incident Report, Budget Proposal, Recommendation and Suggestions, Advice, Reports
Lines of communication: Managers to staff
Downward communication
example of downward communication
Termination, Memo, Schedule, Rules and Regulation, Disciplinary Action, Bonus and Incentives
Lines of communication: Staff to Staff
Horizontal communication
example of horizontal communication
Endorsement, Referral, Conference and meetings
Lines of communication: Staff to patient
Outward communication
Example of outward communication
Discharge, Health Teaching, Diagnosis
Starts from top to subordinates (delegate)
-Those in higher positions have authority over those in lower positions
Line authority
Right to make decisions without approval of
higher administrators
authority
Pure advise, recommendations, suggestions,
support and offering services
-They cannot make decisions
Staff authority
Authority given to a person or department over a specific task
Functional authority
what is coercive power
ability to give punishment
what is expert power
it is based on knowledge/skills of an individual and abilities
it is the opposite of coercive power; ability to give reward
Reward power
Ability to persuade people using charm/ charisma
referent power
what is legitimate power
Power that base on position (from
administrative position)
Refers on ranks/position depending on the
competence (skills and abilities) of an individual.
status
what are the two types of chain of command
scalar principle of hierarchy and unity of command
types of Chain of Command: Employee should only report to one superior
→ To avoid confusion, misunderstanding and overlapping of duties
Unity of Command
Employees who perform similar task should be
grouped together to accomplish one goal
→ Departmentalization
HOMOGENEOUS ASSIGNMENT
types of Chain of Command: Manager delegates to a subordinate
Scalar Principle or hierarchy
→ Decision making can be delegated to first level managers
→ A process of giving specified decision making to the lower levels of the organization
DECENTRALIZATION
First level managers has the right to make a decision except to non routinary situations; but only in routinary and common situation
EXCEPTION PRINCIPLE
→ Number of workers that a supervisor can effectively manage is limited.
span of control
what can see in job description
identifying data, job summary, qualification requirements
in the organizational chart, what indicates in informal relationship, not part of the organization
Broken line
Indicates authority level of position
box
indicates “formal” or “direct” relationship and you are part of the organization
straight line
Indicates the person, departments, and positions
rectangle
Represents flow of communication
arrow
types of orgaizational charts
Tall and Flat
Decentralization is not effective in this organizational chart
Tall or vertical
→ Limited number of personnel per manager
→ Limited span of control
Tall or vertical
organizational chart that has wider span of control
flat/deparmentation
decentralization is effective
flat/departmentation
→ Assigning competent people to fill the roles designed in the hierarchy.
STAFFING
A timetable showing the number of off duties, on duty, and relievers needed on that day
scheduling
Types of Scheduling
Centralized, Decentralized, Cyclical
Chief nurse is the one who writes/ creates the schedule for the whole month
Centralized
in centralized, the chief nurse creates the schedule every ___________
whole month
in decentralized, the chief nurse creates the schedule every ________
cut off
Head Nurse or managers are the one who creates the schedule for every cut off
decentralized
Head nurse schedule the shifts every week
Cyclical
what are the level 1 in classification of patients
SELF CARE OR MINIMAL CARE
what are the level 2 in classification of patients
MODERATE/ INTERMEDIATE
what are the level 3 in classification of patients
TOTAL, COMPLETE, INTENSIVE CARE
what are the level 4 in classification of patients
HIGHLY SPECIALIZED CRITICAL CARE
In self care/Minimal Care, tell the
Patient type:
Ratio:
NCH:
OPD, Stable, for discharge
Ratio - 1:5
NCH - 1 hour 30 minutes
In Moderate/Intermediate Care, tell the
Patient type:
Ratio:
NCH:
Patient type: Stroke, With cast, with fracture
Ratio: 1:3
NCH: 3 hours
In Total, Complete, Intensive Care, tell the
Patient type:
Ratio:
NCH:
Patient type: O2, bedridden, post op, chest tube
Ratio: 1:2
NCH: 4 hours and 30 minutes
In Highly specialized critical Care, tell the
Patient type:
Ratio:
NCH:
Patient type: comatose, several contraptions
Ratio: 1:1
NCH: 6 hours
in patient care delivery system, these are specific task assigned to nurses
functional nursing
give me definition of care nursing
- total care nursing
- 1 nurse is responsible for total care on 1 patient
who has the highest accountability
care nursing/total care nursing
give me definition of team nursing
1 nurse and 2 personnel in handling 1 patient
heart of team nursing
team conference
focus on team nursing
patient centered care
give me definition of primary nursing
1 RN for a small group of patient (3-5 or 4-6 patients)
give me definition of modular method
1 RN and two or more personal for a small grp of patient (3-5 or 4-6 patients)
Case or diagnosis will be divided and the nurse will only care for the case/diagnosis assigned to him/her.
CASE MANAGEMENT
Process of overseeing and directing the
performance of personnel
DIRECTING
ESPRIT DE CORPS means
HARMONY; good relationship must maintained in the organization
what leadership style is best during emergency
AUTOCRATIC
Both the leader and the members make the decision for the organization.
DEMOCRATIC
Type of leadership wherein they want to serve and not to be serve
servant leader
what can delegated to nursing assistant:
Transporting patients
Assist in ADLs
Restocking supplies
ECG placement and non invasive blood procedure
CBG
Collecting data from stable patients
Collecting data or samples/simple specimens
Clerical Duties - computer job
type of leadership style wherein members work independently
LAISSEZ-FAIRE STYLE
leaders make decision without input from member
autocratic
this is the process of assessing the performance of the employees
CONTROLLING
Evaluation of the performance based on the standards
performance appraisal
Evaluation of the degree of excellence (of
services) based on the health outcome
quality assurace
Utilization of all the materials and supplies used by each unit
control of resources
-Obedience to the rules/ policies of the organization
-Making the employees responsible for their actions
discipline
Steps on disciplinary action
1st offense: Oral Warning
2nd offense: Written Warning
3rd offense: Suspension
4th offense: Termination
Evaluation of the medical and clinical records in order to determine the effectiveness of nursing
interventions
nursing audit
Evaluation of the setting where the nursing care is given
structure audit
Evaluation of the nursing intervention provided to the patient
outcome audit
what includes in structure audit
qualifications of personnel, their financial composition, and other information about the hospital itself
Evaluation of the intervention itself (not the
outcome).
process audit
father of scientific management
Frederick Taylor
She emphasized benefits of:
job simplification
establishment of work standards
effects of the incentives wage plan
fatigue on work performance
FRANK/LILIAN GILBRETH
He said refined previous work rather than introduce new concepts
Henry Gantt
FATHER OF MANAGEMENT PROCESS SCHOOL
HENRY FAYOL
initiated the human behavioral
Abraham maslow
he is a believer in the division of work, argued that specialization increases efficiency
Henry Fayol
Father of organization theory
Max Weber
he stated the factors in the job can raise the level of performance and meet the higher order needs
Frederick Herzberg
develop theory of X and Y
Douglas Mcgregor
what theory emphasis on goal of the organization
Theory X
what theory emphasis on goal on the individual
Theory Y
author of hawthorne studies
Elton Mayo
What are the 7 techniques in REDDINS THEORY
- diagnosis
- mutual setting of objectives
- group emphasis
- maximum information
- discussion of implementation
- use of economy and ritual
- resistance interpretation
change agents identifies, plans and implements strategies for change
Moving stage
members are motivated by the need to create change
Unfreezing
changes are integrated and stabilized as part of the value system
Refreezing stage
roger’s theory
awareness
interest
evaluation
trial
adoption
focuses on internal process that mediate the effect of work performance
arousal theory
focuses on people’s expectation that their efforts will result in good performance and valued results
expectancy theory
focuses on fair treatment
equity theory
