Leadership Flashcards
What is leadership
Leadership is
process: the use of non-coercive influence
* to shape the group’s or organization’s goals,
* to motivate behavior
toward the achievement of those
goals
* to help define group or organizational culture
Property: the set of characteristics
attributed to individuals who are
perceived to be leaders
Management skills
- Focus on things
- Look inward
- Execute plans
- Improve the present
- See the trees
- Control subordinates
- Direct & coordinate
- Does things right
- Manage change
- Serve superordinates
- Use authority
- Avoid conflict
- Act responsibly
- Cope with complexity
- Work with the status quo
- Ask what
- Plan short term
- Organise people
- Administrate and control
- Focus on systems and
structures - Follow the vision
- Work in the present
Leadership skills
- Focus on people
- Look outward
- Articulate a vision
- Create the future
- See the forest
- Empower Colleagues
- Trust & develop
- Do the right things
- Create change
- Serve subordinates
- Use influence
- Use conflict
- Act decisively
- Cope with change
- Challenge the status quo
- Ask why
- Plan long term
- Align people
- Motivate and inspire
- Focus on people
- Communicate and deliver the
vision - Look into the future
Types of Power
Power: the ability to affect other people’s behavior
Types: expert, legitimate, referent, reward, coercive
Leadership Traits Approach
The trait approach suggests that some individuals have the disposition to be better leaders than others because of their natural personalities.
Leadership Behaviours Approach
Behavioral theories of leadership focus heavily on the actions of a leader—this theory suggests that the best predictor of leadership success is viewing how a leader acts. Action rather than qualities are the focal points of behavioral learning theory.
Autocratic leadership style
The leader himself assigns the tasks, the working groups, controls, evaluates, decides, rewards and punishes, without hearing the opinion of others.
The leader makes all the
decisions. Increases productivity short-term, but is detrimental to long-term engagement, motivation, creativity
Democratic leadership style
The leader—to varying degrees—will allow the will of the subordinates to prevail. This empowerment can happen along a very wide scale.
The leader involves the entire
team in decision-making. Leads to strong engagement, creativity and sustainable productivity even in the absence of the leader.
Laissez-faire style
The leader does not provide regulations, giving the subordinates free hand in shaping workflows. The leader provides the resources and interferes if necessary.
Hands-off leadership where the team members make all the decisions. Also known as “zero leadership”. This can work well in highly skilled and self-motivated teams but is most often detrimental for productivity
The Ohio State University model
The Ohio State Leadership Studies also called The Ohio State Model of Leader Behavior is a behavioral leadership theory that explains how leaders’ behavior affects the group’s performance and achievement of desired goals.
Two leadership behavior dimensions: Initiating structure behavior, Consideration behavior
Initiating structure behaviour
Initiating structure behavior: Involves defining the leader-subordinate role so that everyone knows what is expected, establishing formal lines of communication, and determining how tasks will be performed
Consideration behaviour
Consideration behaviour: Involves showing concern for
subordinates and attempting to establish a warm, friendly and supportive climate
Leadership/Managerial Grid
Focuses on five core styles and plots leadership styles on a 2D grid:
* framework to diagnose a
leader’s style
* track the leader’s movement towards the ideal style
5 styles of management
Impoverished management: The impoverished leader (1,1) has low concern for both production and people. The leader does the minimum required to remain employed in the position.
Country-club management: The country-club leader (1,9) has a high concern for people and a low concern for
production. The leader strives to maintain a friendly atmosphere without regard for production.
Middle of the road management: The middle-of-the-road leader (5,5) has balanced, medium concern for both production and people. The leader strives to maintain satisfactory performance and morale.
Task management: The authority-compliance leader (9,1) has a high concern for production and a low concern for people. The leader focuses on getting the job done while people are treated like machines.
Team management: The team leader (9,9) has a high concern for both production and people. This leader strives for maximum performance and employee satisfaction.
Path-goal theory
What are primary functions of leader?
Primary functions of a leader is to make valued/desired rewards available in the workplace clarify the kinds of behavior that will lead to goal accomplishment and valued rewards.
Theory suggests that:
* managers stimulate subordinates’ efforts by offering valid rewards and linking them to effort and performance
* if rewards are valued and fair, subordinates are less likely to quit
