LEADERSHIP

Question 1

LEADERSHIP DEFINITION

Answer 1

Leadership is a set of behaviors used to help people align their collective direction, to execute strategic plans, and to continually renew an organization.

Question 2

AUTOCRATIC

Answer 2

Full control of decision making.

•Uses power to get others to carry out work as a result of this decision making

•Employees have little or no input.

•Motivation through rewards.

Question 3

PATERNALISTIC

Answer 3

➢ A softer form of authoritarian leadership- leaders still decide what is best for employees and addresses their needs.

➢Like a parent child type relationship, leader is see as a “father figure”.

➢Little delegation

➢Paternalistic leaders usually explain why they have made certain decisions

Question 4

DEMOCRATIC

Answer 4

➢Focus of power is more with the group as a whole

➢Leaders functions are shared with the group

➢Employees have greater involvement in decision making

➢Emphasis on delegation and consolation, yet leader still makes the final decision.

Question 5

LAISSEZ-FAIRE

Answer 5

➢Gives employees little direction

➢Responsibility lies with the group

➢Leaders get employees to choose how to complete objectives, make decisions and solve problems on their own

Question 6

CARLYLE AND GALTON

Answer 6

This is a trait theory.

That it’s a unique ability, possessed by certain extraordinary individuals, and their opinions and decisions are capable of bringing about radical changes.
These unique attributes are part of their genetic makeup; therefore, leadership is hereditary.
Galton and Carlyle both suggested that some people were “natural born leaders”, inheriting the talents required to lead groups of individuals.

Question 7

MCGREGOR’S THEORY X

Answer 7

Theory X workers could be described as follows:

• Individuals who dislike work and avoid it where possible
• Individuals who lack ambition, dislike responsibility and prefer to be led
• Individuals who desire security

The management implications for Theory X workers were that, to achieve organisational objectives, a business would need to impose a management system of coercion, control and punishment.

Question 8

MCGREGOR’S THEORY Y

Answer 8

Theory Y workers were characterised by McGregor as:

• Consider effort at work as just like rest or play
• Ordinary people who do not dislike work. Depending on the working conditions, work could be considered a source of satisfaction or punishment
• Individuals who seek responsibility

The management implications for Theory X workers are that, to achieve organisational objectives, rewards of varying kinds are likely to be the most popular motivator. The challenge for management with Theory Y workers is to create a working environment (or culture) where workers can show and develop their creativity.

Question 9

CARLYLE AND GALTONS 5 CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 9

~Intelligence
~Integrity
~Self confidence
~Creativity ?
~…