LE2 Flashcards
A geothermal fluid with a high saturation of sodium chloride or other salts.
Brine
Rocks of high resistance overlying a geothermal reservoir.
Cap Rocks
A planar rock fracture or fracture zone in the Earth’s crust
Fault
A hot spring that shoots intermittent discharge of hot water and steam into the air
Geyser
The process of returning geothermal fluids, utilized to generate heat, back into the ground
Injection
The measure of a material’s ability to transmit a fluid
Permeability
The measure of the void spaces in a material by a ratio of the aggregate volume of pore spacesin rock or soil to its total volume usually stated as a percent
Porosity
The rate of increase or decrease in the Earth’s temperature relative to depth
Thermal Gradient
Name 6 geothermal powerplants in the Philippines
- BacMan
- Mindanao
- Southern Negros
- Northern Negros
- Leyte
- Tiwi
Geothermal Production Field
Name 1 geothermal powerplants outside the Philippines
The Geysers
A thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor.
Nuclear Power Plant
What are the types of nuclear power plants?
- PWR
- BWR
What’s the difference between the two types of NPP?
The main difference between a BWR and PWR is that in a BWR, the reactor core heats water, which turns to steam and then drives a steam turbine. In a PWR, the reactor core heats water, which does not boil. This hot water then exchanges heat with a lower pressure water system, which turns to steam and drives the turbine.
What are the parts of a NPP system?
- Nuclear Reactor
- Steam Turbine
- Generator
- Cooling system
- Safety valves
- Feedwater pump
- Emergency power supply
This part of the NPP system is where the heat is generated by controlled nuclear fission.
Nuclear Reactor
This part of the NPP system converts the heat contained in steam into mechanical energy.
Steam Turbine
This part of the NPP system converts kinetic energy supplied by the turbine into electrical energy.
Generator
This part of the NPP system removes heat from the reactor core and transports it to another area of the plant, where the thermal energy can be harnessed to produce electricity or to do other useful work.
Cooling System
This part of the NPP system is used to prevent pipes from bursting or the reactor from exploding.
Safety Valves
This part of the NPP system controls the water level in the steam generator and nuclear reactor. It has the task of taking the water from the condensate system, increasing the pressure and forcing it into either the steam generators (in the case of a pressurized water reactor) or directly into the reactor (for boiling water reactors).
Feedwater pump
This part of the NPP system maintains safety in the event of unit shut down and loss of offsite power.
Emergency Power Supply
What is the purpose of pressure in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant?
To keep the heated water in its liquid form
Why are nuclear power plants being considered even when it is so dangerous?
Large nuclear power plant saves more than 50,000 barrels of oil per day
Where should Nuclear Power Plants be built?
- As far as possible from populated areas
- Near water sources
- On firm and solid grounds
Name 1 NPP in Philippines.
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
Name 3 NPP in Japan.
Ikata, Tomari, Onagawa NPP
Name 3 NPP in South Korea.
Kori, Hanul, Hanbit NPP
Name 3 NPP in China.
Fuqing, Sanmen, Qinshan NPP
Name 3 NPP in Russia.
Kola, Rostov, Kalinin NPP
Name 3 NPP in Canada.
Pickering, Bruce, Darlington NPP
Name 1 NPP in Ukraine
Chernobyl NPP
This power station utilizes a gasturbine, also called a combustion turbine,which is a type of internal combustion engine.
Gas Turbine Power Plant
The basic operation of the gas turbine issimilar to that of the steam powerplant except that ___ is used instead of water.
air
What are the two classification of GTPP?
Open cycle GT
Closed cycle GT
What classification of gas turbine have a working fluid has to be changed constantly as they are exhausted into the atmosphere?
The entire flowcomes from theatmosphere andthen returned tothe atmosphere.
Open cycle GT
Give 4 advantages of Gas Turbine PP
- The cost of maintenance is less
- It is simple in construction
- Cheaper fuel such as kerosene, paraffin,benzene and powdered coal can be used
- Can be used where water is not readily available
Give 2 disadvantages of Gas Turbine PP
- Low thermal efficiency
- High frequency noise from the compressor
Gas Turbine PP operate as peak load plant.
True or False
True
Gas Turbine PP has an efficiency of less than __%
40
What are the 3 components in the system of Gas Turbine PP?
- Compressor
- Combustor
- Turbine
Name 3 GTPP in the Philippines
- San Lorenzo CCGT
- San Gabriel CCP
- Bataan CCGT
What are the types of engines used for GTs?
- Free Piston Engine
- Two-stroke Engine
This engine is a linear, ‘crankless’ internalcombustion engine, in which the piston motion is notcontrolled by a crankshaft but determined by theinteraction of forces from the combustion chamber gases, arebound device (e.g., a piston in a closed cylinder) and aload device (e.g. a gas compressor or a linear alternator).
Free piston engine
When and who discovered geothermal fields?
1847 ; Willian Bell Elliot
What areas can be used for geothermal energy harvesting?
- Volcanoes
- Hot springs
- Geysers
The center of the earth is estimated atTemperature up to ______ K due to decayprocess of radioactive isotopes.
10,000
What is the total steady geothermal energy flow towards earth’s surface
4.2 × 10 10 Kw
What is the average flow energy?
0.063 W/m2.
Site Selection of Geothermal
- Borax deposits present
- Water at 120°C at 200 to 500 m depths
- Na-Ca-Cl-SO4 contents
- shallow depth reservoir withwater at 80° to 110°C.
Where was the first geothermal power plant?
Lardarello, Italy
What are the types of geothermal power plants?
- Dry Steam
- Flash Steam
- Binary Cycle
Dry steam is also called as ___
Vapour Dominated System
What are the 4 applications of geothermal energy?
Heating,cooking, medical purposes, and electricity.
