LE1 Flashcards
A generating station in which diesel engine is used as the prime mover for the generation of electrical energy.
Diesel power station
In diesel power, the diesel fuel burns inside the engine and the products of this combustion act as the working fluid to produce _______.
mechanical energy
Diesel plants are mostly operated as ______ due to its high operational costs and uneconomically continuous operation.
peak load plants
True or False. Diesel plants are used for permanent supply of power.
False.
Temporary use only
True of False. Diesel plants are also used as a standby unit where it can be used as a standby unit to supply part load when required.
True
True or False. Diesel plants can be used as an emergency plant where power interruption would mean financial loss or danger in key industrial processes, tunnel lighting and operating rooms of hospitals.
True
The field of use of diesel power plants where the diesel plant is used to supply the power to a small town in the absence of main grid and which can be moved to another area which needs power on a small scale when the main grid is available.
Nursery Station
The field of use of diesel units where it is used to run the auxiliaries for starting the large steam plants.
Starting Stations
The field of use of diesel power plants where it can be used as central station where the capacity required is small (5 to 10 MW). The limit is generally decided by the cost of the plant and local conditions regarding the availability of fuel and water, space requirements and non-availability of the grid.
Central Stations
State the seven field of uses of the diesel power plant
Peak load plant, Mobile plant, Standby unit, Emergency plant, Nursery station, Starting station, Central station
State some advantages of the diesel power plant
Simple design and layout, Occupies less space, Mobile, Quick start, No standby losses, Requires less water for cooling, Less operating staff
State some disadvantages of the diesel power plant
Fuel is costly,
Small power generation,
Lubrication is costly,
Maintenance charges are costly.
This type of ignition for diesel engine uses compression to self-ignite the fuel. It doesn’t use any spark plugs to ignite the fuel.
Compression Ignition Engines
This type of ignition for diesel engine uses spark plugs to ignite the diesel fuel.
Spark Ignition Engine
What are the two types of ignition for diesel engines?
Compression ignition and spark ignition engines
What are the 3 types of engines?
2-stroke, 4-stroke, 6-stroke engine
What is the main component of the diesel power plant?
The engine
This component of the diesel power plant removes the dust from the air which is taken by the engine.
Air filter
This component of the diesel power plant increases the pressure of the air supplied to the engine to increase the power of the engine.
Supercharger
This component of the diesel power plant includes the silencers and connecting ducts. The temperature of the gases is sufficiently high, therefore, the heat of the exhaust gases many times is used for heating the oil or air supplied to the engine.
Exhaust system
This component of the diesel power plant includes the storage tank, fuel pump, fuel transfer pump, strainers and heater. The fuel is supplied to the engines according to the load on the plant
Fuel system
This component of the diesel power plant includes water circulating pumps, cooling towers or spray ponds and water filtration plant. It’s purpose is to is to carry the heat from the engine cylinder to keep the temperature of the cylinder in safe range and extend its life.
Cooling system
This component of the diesel power plant includes the oil pumps, oil tanks, filters, coolers and connecting pipes. The function of the lubrication system is to reduce the friction of moving parts and reduce the wear and tear of the engine parts.
Lubrication system
This component of the diesel power plant includes compressed air tanks. The function of this system is to start the engine from cold by supplying the compressed air.
Starting system
The purpose of this component of the diesel power plant is to maintain the speed of the engine constant irrespective of load on the plant. This is done generally by varying fuel supply to the engine according to load.
Governing system
What are 9 the components of the diesel power plant?
Engine, Air filter, Super charger, Exhaust system, Fuel system, Cooling system, Lubrication system, Starting system, Governing system
Apower plantin which theprime overissteamdriven
Thermal power plant
The cycle of the water/steam in the thermal power plant is called ______.
Rankine cycle
What are the types of coal?
Anthracite,
Bituminous,
Lignite
What are the classifications of coal based on their source of genesis?
Humic and Sapropelic
Humic coals are…
those developed from terrestrial plant debris that was exposed to atmosphere and passed through peat stage
Sapropelic coals are…
developed from plankton, algae, terrestrial plant but in anaerobic or Lacustrine conditio
What are the division of coals according to the Roger’s classification?
Volatile,
Moisture,
Ash,
Fixed carbon content
What does IEA CCC stands for?
International Energy Agency’s Clean Coal Centre
What are some of the main parts of the coal power plant?
give at least 11
Coal conveyor, Stoker, Pulverizer, Boiler, Coal ash, Air preheater, Smoke stack, Turbine, Condenser, Transformers, Cooling tower
What composes the Rankine cycle in the thermal power plant?
Turbine, Condenser, Pump, Boiler
What are the location consideration for coal power plant?
Near water sources for cooling,
Far away from dense localoty,
Plane land, Firm soil for great foundation, Tall chimney should not obstruct air traffics.
What are the advantages of coal thermal power plant?
Low initial cost,
Coals are cheap,
Easy maintenance,
Require less land than hydro power plant
What are the disadvantages of coal thermal power plant?
Running costs are high,
Air pollution,
Cooling water comes back at high temperature affecting the ecology near the plant,
Overall efficiency is low
A type of power plant where electric power is generated by harnessing the energy of coal combustion
Coal power plant
It is a fossil fuel formed from the decomposition of organic materials that have been subjected to geologic heat and pressure over millions of years
Coal
It is the highest grade of coal. It is a shiny black, dense, hard, brittle coal
Anthracite
It is the lowest grade of coal which contains some wood fibers. It originates from resin rich plants.
Lignite
What are some of the advantages of hydroelectric power plants?
Water sources are perennially available,
Low running cost,
No wastes product,
Can be switched on and off in a very short time,
Relatively simple in concept,
Do not require highly skilled workers
What are the 5 disadvantages of hydroelectric power plants?
Capital-intensive with low rate of return,
Gestation period is quite large,
Power generation is dependent on the quantity of water,
Plants are often far away from the load center,
Large hydro-plants disturb the ecology of the area
What are the 6 selection considerations for a hydroelectric power plant?
Availability of water, Water storage capacity, Available water head, Accessibility of site, Distance from the load center, Type of land at site
Refers to Hydrology which is the science that deals with the processes governing depletion and replenishment of water resources over and within the earth’s surface
Hydrological cycle
What are the essential elements of a hydroelectric power plant?
Catchment area, Reservoir, Dam, Spillways, Conduit, Surge Tanks, Powerhouse
Hydro-plants that work at a head of 100 m and above
High head
Hydro-plants operating with a head from 30 m to 100 m.
Medium head
Hydro-Head–plants operating at less than 30 m head.
Low head
What are the 3 classifications of hydro-plants according to head?
High, medium, and low head
What are the 2 classifications of hydro-plants according to load?
Base load plants(supplies constant power) and peak load plants(supplies during peak load)
What are the 3 classifications of hydro-plants according to quantity of water available?
Run-of-river w/ or w/o pondage, storage reservoir, Pumped storage pumps
What kind of hydraulic turbine is used for low head hydro-plants?
Kaplan or propeller turbine
What kind of hydraulic turbine is used for medium head hydro-plants?
Kaplan or Francis turbine
What kind of hydraulic turbine is used for high head hydro-plants?
Francis or Pelton wheel turbine
What kind of hydraulic turbine is used for very high head hydro-plants?
Pelton turbine
A reversible turbine-pump used up to a head of 300 m.
Deriaz Turbine
All the available head of water is converted into kinetic energy in a nozzle. The water shoots out of the nozzle in a free jet into a bucket which revolves round a shaft
Impulse turbine
The entire flow from the headwater to the tailwater takes place in a closed conduit system which is not open to the atmosphere at any point in its passage
Reactione turbine
What is the flow direction of Francis, Pelton, Kaplan and propeller, and Deriaz turbines?
Mixed flow, Tangential, Axial flow, Diagonal flow
What are the 6 turbine types?
Francis, Pelton, Kaplan, propeller, Turgo, and crossflow
Kaplan and Propeller type turbines can be usedfor heads up to ____m.
Francis turbines can be used for head from __ to ___ m.
Use Pelton turbines for head greater than ___m.
50;
50 to 400;
400;
Give 4 examples of hydro-plants in the Philippines.
Agus-II in Lanao del Sur,
Bakun AC in Ilocos Sur,
Magat in Isabela,
Caliraya-Botocan-Kalayaan in Lumban Laguna
Give 2 examples of diesel-plants in the Philippines.
Bohol diesel power plant,
Panay diesel power plant
Give at least 3 examples of coal-plants in the Philippines.
Sual in Sual Pangasinan,
Quezon power plant in Mauban Quezon,
Calaca coal power plant in Calaca Batangas
APEC in Pampanga
