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MSK Exam 2 > LE Myology > Flashcards

LE Myology Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles that extend the thigh

A
  • Gluteus Maximums
  • Adductor Magnus (lower fibers)
  • Biceps Femoris (long head)
  • Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus
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2
Q

Muscles that laterally rotate the thigh

A
  • Gluteus Maximus (assists in lateral rotation)
  • Quadratus Femoris
  • Obturator Externus
  • Sartorius
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3
Q

Muscles that abduct the thigh

A
  • Gluteus Medius and Minimus
  • Tensor Fascia Lata
  • Sartorius
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4
Q

Muscles that medially rotate the thigh

A
  • Gluteus Medius and Minimus
  • Tensor Fascia Lata
  • Gracilis (assists)
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5
Q

Muscles that flex the thigh

A
  • Tensor Fascia Lata
  • Psoas Major (when acting with the Iliacus)
  • Illiacus
  • Sartorius
  • Rectus Femoris (assists Iliopsoas muscle in thigh flexion)
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor Brevis (assists in flexion)
  • Adductor Magnus (upper fibers)
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6
Q

What muscle maintains the extended leg?

A

Tensor Fascia Lata

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7
Q

Muscles that laterally rotate the extended thigh

A
  • Piriformis
  • Superior and Inferior Gemellus
  • Obturator Internus
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8
Q

Muscles that abduct the flexed thigh

A
  • Piriformis
  • Superior and Inferior Gemellus
  • Obturator Internus
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9
Q

Muscles that stabilize the femoral head in the acetabulum

A
  • Piriformis
  • Superior and Inferior Gemellus
  • Quadratus Femoris
  • Obturator Externus
  • Obturator Internus
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10
Q

What muscle stabilizes the hip joint?

A

Iliacus

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11
Q

What muscle flexes the leg at the knee?

A

Sartorius

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12
Q

Muscles that extend the leg at the knee

A
  • Rectus Femoris
  • Vastus Lateralis and Intermedius
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13
Q

What muscle tightens the capsule of the knee during leg extension?

A

Articularis Genu

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14
Q

Muscles that adduct the thigh

A
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor Longus
  • Adductor Brevis
  • Adductor Magnus
  • Gracilis
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15
Q

Muscles that flex the leg

A
  • Gracilis
  • Biceps Femoris (both heads)
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Gastrocnemius
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16
Q

What muscle laterally rotates the flexed leg?

A

Biceps Femoris (both heads)

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17
Q

Muscles that dorsiflex the foot at the ankle

A
  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
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18
Q

Muscles that invert the foot

A
  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Tibialis Posterior
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19
Q

Muscles that evert the foot

A
  • Fibularis Tertius (assists)
  • Fibularis Longus and Brevis
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20
Q

Muscles that plantarflex the foot

A
  • Fibularis Longus and Brevis (assist)
  • Tibialis Posterior
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21
Q

Muscles that dorsiflex the foot

A
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
  • Fibularis Tertius
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22
Q

Muscles that extend the hallux

A
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
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23
Q

What muscle extends the hallux

A

Extensor Hallucis Longus

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24
Q

What muscle laterally flexes the vertebral column, balances and flexes the trunk, and flexes the thigh when acting with the iliacus?

A

Psoas Major

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25
Q

Muscles that elevate the heel

A
  • Gastrocnemius
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26
Q

What muscle elevates the heel?

A

Gastrocnemius

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27
Q

What muscle plantarflexes when the knee is extended?

A

Gastrocnemius

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28
Q

What muscle weakly assists in plantarflexion and flexing the knee?

A

Plantaris

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29
Q

What muscle weakly flexes the knee?

A

Popliteus

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30
Q

Muscles that flex the hallux

A
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus
  • Abductor Hallucis
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31
Q

What muscle weakly plantarflexes the foot at the ankle?

A

Flexor Hallucis Longus

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32
Q

Muscles that flex digits 2-5

A
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Flexor Digitorum Brevis
  • Quadratus Plantae (assists)
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33
Q

What muscle extends the hallux at the metatarsophalangeal joint?

A

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

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34
Q

What muscle abducts the hallux?

A

Abductor hallux

35
Q

What muscle abducts and flexes the 5th digit?

A

Abductor Digiti Minimi

36
Q

What muscle assists in flexing digits 2-5?

A

Quadratus Plantae

37
Q

What extends the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints?

A

Lumbricals (4 muscles in total)

38
Q

Muscles that flex the metatarsophalangeal joint

A
  • Lumbricals
  • Dorsal Interossei (4 DABs)
  • Plantar Interossei (3 PADs)
39
Q

What muscle flexes the 1st proximal phalanx?

A

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

40
Q

What muscle flexes the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit?

A

Flexor Digiti Minimi

41
Q

What muscle adducts the hallux?

A

Adductor Hallucis

42
Q

What muscle abducts digits 2-4?

A

Dorsal Interossei (DABs)

43
Q

What muscle adducts digits 3-5?

A

Plantar Interossei (PADs)

44
Q

What muscle adducts digits 3-5?

A

Plantar Interossei (PADs)

45
Q

What muscles are found in the gluteal region (10)?

A
  • Gluteus Maximus
  • Gluteus Medius
  • Gluteus Minimus
  • Tensor Fascia Lata
  • Piriformis
  • Superior Gemellus
  • Inferior Gemellus
  • Quadratus Femoris
  • Obturator Externus
  • Obturator Internus
46
Q

What muscles make up the Iliopsoas muscle?

A

Combination of Psoas Major and Iliacus at their insertions

47
Q

What muscles make up the Quadriceps Femoris muscle (primary leg extender)?

A
  • Rectus Femoris
  • Vastus Lateralis
  • Vastus Intermedius
  • Vastus Medialis
48
Q

What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh (8) (muscles that flex the hip & extend the knee)?

A
  • Psoas Major
  • Iliacus
  • Sartorius
  • Rectus Femoris
  • Vastus Lateralis
  • Vastus Intermedius
  • Vastus Medialis
  • Articularis Genu
49
Q

What muscles are found in the medial compartment of the thigh (5)?

A
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor Longus
  • Adductor Brevis
  • Adductor Magnus
  • Gracilis
50
Q

What muscles are found in the posterior compartment of the thigh (3)?

A
  • Biceps Femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
51
Q

What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the leg (4)?

A
  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
  • Fibularis Tertius
52
Q

What muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the leg (2)?

A
  • Fibularis Longus
  • Fibularis Brevis
53
Q

What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg (3)?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
54
Q

What muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg (4)?

A
  • Popliteus
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Tibialis Posterior
55
Q

What muscles are found in the dorsal foot (2)?

A
  • Extensor Hallucis Brevis
  • Extensor Digitorum Brevis
56
Q

What muscles are found in layer 1 of the plantar foot (3)?

A
  • Abductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Digitorum Brevis
  • Abductor Digiti Minimi
57
Q

What muscles are found in layer 2 of the plantar foot (2)?

A
  • Quadratus Plantae
  • Lumbricals
58
Q

What muscles are found in layer 3 of the plantar foot (3)?

A
  • Flexor Hallucis Brevis
  • Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
  • Adductor Hallucis
59
Q

What muscles are found in layer 4 of the plantar foot (2)?

A
  • Dorsal Interossei
  • Plantar Interossei
60
Q

Piriformis syndrome leads to increased pain when ___ rotating the leg which is the main action of the piriformis muscle

A

Laterally/externally

61
Q

The sciatic nerve innervates the hamstring muscles (semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long and short head of the biceps femoris) in the posterior thigh which mediate ___ extension and ___ flexion.

A
  • Hip Extension
  • Knee Flexion
62
Q

The ____ (natal) ___ separates the right and left buttock from eachother

A

Intergluteal (Natal) Cleft

63
Q

The ___ ___ covers the fat-covered inferior border of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle.

A

Gluteal Fold

64
Q

The ___ ___ separates the buttocks from the posterior thigh

A

Gluteal Sulcus

65
Q

Action of Gluteus Maximus

A
  • Extend thigh
  • Assist in Lateral Rotation
66
Q

Action of Gluteus Medius and Minimus

A
  • Abduct the thigh
  • Medially rotates the thigh
67
Q

Action of Tensor Fascia Lata

A
  • Abduct the thigh
  • Medially rotates the thigh
  • Flex the thigh
  • Maintains extended leg
68
Q

Action of Piriformis

A
  • Laterally rotate extended thigh
  • Abduct flexed thigh
  • Stabilizes femoral head in acetabulum
69
Q

Muscles that medially rotate the flexed thigh

A
  • Inferior Gemellus
  • Superior Gemellus
70
Q

Muscles that laterally rotate the flexed leg

A
  • Biceps Femoris (both heads)
71
Q

Muscles that medially rotate the flexed leg

A
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
72
Q

Triceps Coxae

A

Term used to describe the superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and obturator internus because they are described as being one tricipital muscle with a common insertion on the greater trochanter of the femur

73
Q

Borders of the Popliteal Fossa

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semimembranous
  • Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
74
Q

Triceps Surae

A

Term used to describe the two heads of the gastrocnemius and soleus because they are often described as being one tricipital muscle with a common insertion of the calcaneal tendon on the calcaneus

75
Q

Phases of the Gait Cycle

A

(1) Heel Strike (Stance Phase)
(2) Loading Response (Stance Phase)
(3) Midstance (Stance Phase)
(4) Terminal Stance (Stance Phase)
(5) Preswing (Swing Phase)
(6) Initial Swing (Swing Phase)
(7) Midswing (Swing Phase)
(8) Terminal Swing (Swing Phase)

76
Q

Phase 1: Heel Strike (Stance Phase)

A

(1) Lower front foot to ground (Dorsiflexion of ankle)
(2) Deceleration (Plantarflexion of the ankle)
(3) Preserving the longitudional arch of the foot

77
Q

Phase 2: Loading Response (Stance Phase)

A

(1) Accepting weight (Extension of the knee)
(2) Deceleratrion (Plantarflexion of the ankle)
(3) Stabilizing the pelvis (Abduction of the hip)
(4) Preserving the longitudional arch of the foot

78
Q

(Phase 3: Midstance (Stance Phase)

A

(1) Stabilizing the knee (extension of the knee)
(2) Control dorsiflexion/ preserve momentum (Plantarflexiomn of the ankle)
(3) Stabilize the pelvis (Hip abduction)
(4) Preserving the longitudional arch of the foot

79
Q

Phase 4: Terminal Stance (Stance Phase)

A

(1) Accelerate mass (Plantarflexion of the ankle)
(2) Stabilize pelvis (Hip abduction)
(3) Preserve the arches of the front foot

80
Q

Phase 5: Preswing (Swing Phase)

A

(1) Accelerate mass (Flexion of the digits)
(2) Preserve arches of the front foot
(3) Decelerate thigh/prepare for the swing (flexion of the hip)

81
Q

Phase 6: Initial Swing (Swing Phase)

A

(1) Accelerate thigh (flexion of the hip)
(2) Clear foot (dorsiflexion of the ankle)

82
Q

Phase 7: Midswing (Swing Phase)

A

(1) Clear foot (dorsiflexion of the ankle)

83
Q

Phase 8: Terminal Swing (Swing Phase)

A

(1) Decelerate thigh (extension of the hip)
(2) Decelerate leg (flexion of the knee)
(3) Position the foot (dorsiflexion of the ankle)
(4) Extend knee to place foot/prepare for contact (extension of the knee)

MSK Exam 2 (14 decks)

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